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Yes, these are largely factual as historical attributions to the Democratic Party of that era (primarily Southern Democrats), though with important context, nuances, and caveats. The plaque reflects real 19th- and early 20th-century history, but U.S. political parties have evolved significantly since then (a process often called the “party realignment” or “Southern Strategy” era). Here’s a breakdown based on historical records: Accurate or Substantially Accurate Claims • Owned slaves / Defended slavery: Yes. Slavery was concentrated in the South, where the Democratic Party was dominant. Southern Democrats strongly defended it as an institution, leading up to the Civil War. Many prominent Democrats, including some presidents (e.g., Andrew Jackson, a Democrat and slaveowner), owned slaves.  • Founded the KKK: The Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1865–1866 in Tennessee by ex-Confederate soldiers (Democrats). It was closely tied to Southern Democratic efforts to resist Reconstruction and suppress Black voting/rights. While not officially “founded by the national party” as an organization, its early members and supporters were overwhelmingly Southern Democrats.  • Perpetrated lynchings / Enforced segregation / Jim Crow laws: Yes. After Reconstruction ended (around 1877), Southern Democrats regained control of state governments and implemented Jim Crow segregation laws, Black Codes, poll taxes, literacy tests, and tolerated or encouraged lynchings and violence to maintain white supremacy.  • Filibustered Civil Rights legislation: Yes, notably the 1964 Civil Rights Act faced a lengthy filibuster led by Southern Democrats (e.g., Robert Byrd, Richard Russell, Strom Thurmond). It took bipartisan support (stronger from Republicans in percentage terms at the time) to overcome it.  • Opposed the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments: Largely yes. These Reconstruction Amendments (abolishing slavery, granting citizenship/equal protection, and voting rights for Black men) passed with overwhelming Republican support and very limited Democratic support in Congress. Many Democrats opposed them.  Partially Accurate or Contextual Claims • The Indian Removal Act and Trail of Tears: These occurred under Democratic President Andrew Jackson (1830 Act) and were carried out under Martin Van Buren. Jackson was a founder of the modern Democratic Party and championed removal policies popular with Southern Democrats and white settlers. This was federal policy with broad support among Democrats at the time.  • Japanese Internment: This was during WWII under Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt (Executive Order 9066). It had broad wartime support but is accurately placed under a Democratic administration. Key Context and Nuance • Party evolution: The Democratic Party of the 1800s–mid-1900s (especially Southern wing) was the party of states’ rights, slavery, segregation, and white supremacy in the South (“Solid South”). Republicans were the party of Lincoln, abolition, and early civil rights. Over decades (especially 1930s–1970s), the parties realigned: Northern Democrats increasingly supported civil rights (e.g., under Truman, Kennedy, Johnson), while many conservative Southern Democrats shifted toward the Republican Party. Today’s parties are very different from their 1860 or 1930 versions.  • Not monolithic: There were Northern Democrats who opposed extremes (e.g., some supported the Union). Not every Democrat supported every policy, and some Republicans had racist elements too. But the patterns on the plaque hold for the dominant Southern Democratic bloc. • “The party” vs. individuals/factions: Fact-checkers sometimes quibble that the national party didn’t “found” the KKK as an official arm, but the association with Democratic politicians, voters, and officeholders in the South is well-documented.  This history is often weaponized in modern debates. The plaque accurately highlights one side’s past sins but doesn’t reflect the current Democratic or Republican Parties’ platforms or voters. Both parties have complicated, evolving records—truth-seeking requires acknowledging the full timeline rather than selective presentism. For deeper reading, sources like congressional voting records, Reconstruction histories, and works on party realignment are reliable.