Namaste ðŸ™
The literature and mythology of ancient cultures is filled with accounts of dragons, flying serpents, and other winged lizards. Who, then, were these flying, fire-breathing creatures that seem to have coexisted with early Man, sometimes as his benefactor but many more times as his tormentor?
Perhaps they were just fabulous creatures, the product of Man's fertile imagination. On the other hand, it is possible they were the manifestation of something else - of traumatic events so disturbing and deeply rooted in his past, that knowledge of their true nature has been subconsciously suppressed and remembered only in allegorical terms.
Quite a few civilizations of this world trace their ancestry to such dragon-like lizards or flying serpents. In most cases, they are credited with bringing the benefits of civilization to Mankind. And quite often they are described as his actual creator.
Ancient man portrayed these creatures as superior beings or gods, who could effortlessly move about the skies in their "fiery chariots" or "boats of heaven." They usually lived in a "heavenly abode" and often descended to interfere in the affairs of Man.
The earliest and the most important of cultures, that of Mesopotamia, was probably founded by these serpent-like gods. The colonization of this planet by these creatures is described in one of the most dramatic and significant of ancient documents. It is the so-called Sumerian King-List.
Dated to the Third Millennium BC, this document provides the succession of the Kings of Sumer and their successors, the length of their reigns since, what was to the Sumerians, the beginning of time when their ancestors came here and "descended" to Earth to establish a number of cities on the alluvial plain of Mesopotamia. Calling themselves Anunnaki, these Proto-Sumerians are credited with the establishment of Western, if not World, civilization.
Surprisingly enough, there is considerable data on these early civilizations - the Sumerian, later to be replaced by the Akkadian and the Babylonian cultures. From the numerous cuneiform tablets, monuments, and artifacts that have been unearthed in recent times, it is possible to reconstruct the events which transpired in the early days of Mankind.
There is also a mass of evidence, which was originally derived from the same source, but was given a religious interpretation by being transmitted through priestly channels. It was from this vast reservoir of ancient sources that the stories of the Old Testament were derived.
From a combination of these ancient secular and religious sources, it is thus possible to piece together the story of our ancestry which lies in the coming of the alien serpent-gods or astronauts who colonized Earth many eons ago.
It will be found that our ancestors started a colony on Earth in order to obtain metals for their homeplanet. In order to process and transport these metals by air freighter to the orbiting mother ship, they built five operational cities in Mesopotamia. One of these served as a space launch platform.
The Sumerian people referred to these "gods" as Anunnaki, literally the sons of An, their chief god and leader. The Anunnaki were an alien race. In reality they were a race of sapient reptiles. They required a cheap labor force and for this reason they created a primitive man.
By combining the characteristics of the native ape-man or Neanderthal type man, with their own saurian nature, they produced the "Adam" of the Old Testament. This Adam was half-human and half-reptile, however, and being a clone could not reproduce himself.
As conditions began to change on Earth and the climate dried out, it became necessary for them to modify the Adam to better adapt it to the variable climate. The Homo saurus was modified and given more mammalian traits. This was the Biblical "Fall of Man" where Adam achieved "knowing" or the ability to reproduce sexually.
As a result of this genetic modification, Man lost most of his saurian appearance and nature, his shiny, luminous skin, and scaly hide. He acquired mammalian characteristics - a soft flexible skin, body hair, the need to sweat, and the ability to produce live young. He no longer ran around naked. He now had to wear clothing for comfort and protection. For all purposes, Man was now a Homo sapiens. Modern man or Cro-Magnon Man had arrived upon the scene.
Man soon populated the Earth as slaves for these saurian masters. He was sorely tested by the astronauts who descended to Earth and mated with the daughters of Man. Known in the Scriptures as the Nefilim, they not only produced mixed offspring, but also conducted genetic experiments which went awry and produced many monstrous forms.
This was a trying period for Mankind, for in this era he was literally food for the gods. It is the time of the Biblical Patriarchs and the Sumerian god kings.
The turmoil on Earth was abruptly ended by the onset of a natural worldwide catastrophe, known as the Deluge or Great Flood. At this time, the gods retreated to their spaceship, leaving behind their semi-divine offspring to perish with Mankind in the world flood.
After the waters had subsided they descended once more to establish new cities on the plains of Mesopotamia. Again mating with Mankind, they produced a race of semi-divine beings to rule their empire on Earth. In addition, a race of warrior-gods was established in the lands of the Levant. Descendants of the Nephilim, but known by the name of Rephaim, this barbaric race plagued humanity for thousands of years and were eliminated as a threat until the First Millennium BC.
In ancient Mesopotamia, the gods resided in a temple atop a ziggurat, a stepped pyramid raised above the plains, and were shielded from the general public and accessible only to a few trusted priests. Here they ate in privacy, surrounded by curtains, so that even the attending priests could not see them dine. One wonders if their table manners were so atrocious that they had to be hidden even from their retainers. Or was it something more sinister?
In the Old Testament, the overriding need for privacy is also true. During the event known as the Exodus, the deity lived in a tent and was never seen, nor did he dine in public. Specific instructions were given to Moses on how to prepare the food which was left on a grill near the quarters of the deity for him to snack on in privacy.
It was forbidden for humans to see him. Moses was told flatly by his God that,
"you cannot see my face, for man may not see me and live."
And this prohibition against being seen by humans is carried to an extreme throughout the Scriptures. It became an injunction of not to make "a graven image" or a likeness of the deity.
Thus, Man is not only banned from seeing what his god looked like but even to make an image of what he thought he looked like. Why the taboo? Could it be that its appearance would be so foreign and repulsive that it had to be withheld from man? One would logically assume that if the deities were so superior and grand as the Scriptures indicate, that they would be flattered and pleased to allow man to see and copy their magnificence!
Only a privileged few were allowed to even approach the deities. In Mesopotamia they were the demigods, the offspring of the mating of a god or goddess and a human. These formed the aristocracy, and were entrusted by the gods to see to their needs and to form a barrier with Mankind. Even these demi-gods or "changelings," as they were called, were somewhat strange in appearance and probably had certain reptilian characteristics. The fabled Gilgamesh, for example, had something odd in his appearance that made him stand out from normal men. The Biblical Patriarchs also had something unusual about their looks as is shown by the irrational behavior of Noah when he was seen naked by his sons.
According to the ancient Babylonian tradition, as reported by Berossus, the Babylonian priest writing in Athens in The Third Century BC, Man's ancestry and origin can be traced to one Oannes, an amphibious creature that came out of the Persian Gulf to teach the arts of civilization to Man.
Berossus called them "annedoti" which translates as "the repulsive ones" in Greek. He also refers to them as "musarus" meaning "an abomination." In this way, Babylonian tradition credits the founding of civilization to a creature which they considered to be a repulsive abomination.
If the tradition had been invented, a more normal attitude would have been to glorify these creatures as splendid gods or heroes. Yet the fact that they chose to describe their ancestors this way argues for the authenticity of the account.
The reptilian appearance of the Biblical gods was a well-kept secret and only occasionally is it perceptible in the Old Testament, as for example, the obvious worship of the "seraph" or "brazen serpent" in the incident during the Exodus. There are many more references, many of them explicit, in the mass of religious literature which forms the basis for the books of the Old Testament.
The view is now accepted that the Old Testament went through considerable editing and selection by the priestly transcribers. But elsewhere in the religious literature, not subject to their heavy hand, there is found a different picture.
In the Haggadah, the source of Jewish legend and oral tradition, it is revealed that Adam and Eve lost their "lustrous and horny hide" as the result of eating the forbidden fruit.
The Gnostics, rivals to the early Christians, relate that as a result of eating the fruit, Adam and Eve achieved knowledge, part of which was to realize that their creators were "beastly forms."
The sad fact is that we have created God in our image and not the other way around. In this way, we have hidden the true identity of our creators.
Most of the world mythologies and religions refer to their ancestors as flying serpents or dragons who brought the arts and crafts of civilization to Mankind. The oldest of Chinese books, the mysterious "Yih King," claims that the first humans were formed by the ancient goddess Nu Kua [Comment: compare linguistically to Ninkhursag.] who was a dragon. The early Chinese emperors claimed to be descendants of this dragon goddess.
The oldest and most famous of the Hindu classics, the "Ramayana" and the "Mahabharata," concern the intercourse of early man with the serpent-gods who were also their ancestors.
Central American and African mythology relate how flying serpents and dragon-like beings descended from the heavens to teach them the basics of civilization.
The dragons and flying serpents that so permeate ancient mythology were actually large-legged lizards, who also had the ability to travel about in their airborne craft. How else could the ancients illustrate this fact except by providing them with wings?
Even the Old Testament implies that the serpent of the Garden of Eden was a lizard or reptile for, if he had lost his hands and feet as a result of the Fall of Man, then logically he must previously been a legged snake or reptile.
THE SUMERIAN KING LIST
One of the most remarkable and valuable historic documents is the so-called King List, which records the names of the Kings of Sumer and the lengths of their reigns from what was to them, the beginning of history - a time in the distant past when "kingship descended from heaven" and founded five cities in the Mesopotamian plain.
It records an interruption when "the Flood swept over the land," an event which we know as the Deluge or Great Flood. The King List then resumes the narrative as "kingship descended" once more. It describes the kings and their reigns down to part of the Isin Dynasty which began to rule about 1950 BC.
The King List attributes reigns of legendary and incredible lengths to many of the rulers of the earlier antediluvian kings. In this sense, it affirms the enormous lifespans of the Patriarchs of the Old Testament. While these extremely long reigns and life spans cannot be explained, there is a consistency among the secular and religious sources that indicate they had a logic of their own which has yet to be perceived by current scholarship.
The King List has received mixed reviews among scholars, but since its records of the Fourth and Third Millennia BC have been corroborated separately by archeological evidence, it has been accepted by many as a valuable historical document.
In his work "The Sumerians" Professor Samuel Noah Kramer, the dean of Sumerian studies, endorses its value as a research tool. He has suggested that the King List "if used with discrimination and understanding, provides us with a historical framework of inestimable value."
MESOPOTAMIA, THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION
Our story does not begin with the creation of the world. It starts with the arrival of intelligent life on Earth - the people we know historically as the Proto-Sumerians. It is not known exactly when these ancestors of ours came here or why. It is surmised that they arrived here quite some time before the world-wide catastrophe called the Deluge. It was also long before the advent of modern man or Homo sapiens.
It is generally agreed that these Proto-Sumerians were the origin of our Western Civilization, and that their beginnings were in the area called Mesopotamia, literally "the land between the two rivers." The arrival of these "gods" is reported in the records that their descendants left behind - the Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian cuneiform tablets.
The land known as Mesopotamia and the cradle of civilization, lies mostly between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Originating in the mountains of Armenia in the north, the two rivers move in a gradually converging course down a wide and grassy plain to the Persian Gulf. In early times, the area was made up of marsh and lagoon, much as it is today.
The introduction of an intensive river-canal system to irrigate and drain the plain gave rise to a dense population and to the establishment of a great culture. The lower part of Mesopotamia became a very fertile garden area which the Sumerians referred to as E-DIN, or "the abode of the righteous ones." It was the location of, and gave its name to, the Biblical Garden of Eden.
While the southern part of Mesopotamia came to be called Sumer, the area farther up the plain at the near convergence of the two rivers was later called Akkad. The Akkadian city BAB-ILU became prominent and gave its name to the entire region - Babylonia.
After the Deluge, the Sumerian cities were rebuilt and resettled on the alluvial plain of Mesopotamia. Since the oldest of these date to about 3500 BC, and was built on virgin soil, it is clear that they were not built upon the ruins of the former city. This is due to the fact that the waters of the Persian Gulf have risen some 150 feet since the Deluge, inundating the former cities. This will be discussed later.
What reason or purpose brought these alien beings or Anunnaki, as they called themselves, to this planet we don’t know. But from their legends and myths we can deduce that it was probably for commercial purposes. According to the King List they came here over 240,000 years ago.
This document describes the activities of the antediluvian Anunnaki as "kingship descended from heaven" and was first established at Eridu, the Erech of the Bible. Here two kings ruled for 64,800 years.
Eridu was abandoned as the capital and the kingship was moved to Badtibira where three kings reigned for 108,000 years. Then the kingship was moved to Larak and one king ruled for 28,800 years. A fourth city to them become the capital was Sippar where one king, Enmeduranna, reigned for 21,000 years. This Enmeduranna is important to our story, for, as we shall see, he was the Enoch of the Old Testament.
The kingship was then transferred to Shuruppak where one king ruled for 18,600 years. Thus, as the tablet summarized, eight kings ruled over five cities for a total of 241,200 years.
The King List then states laconically, the Flood swept over the land, putting an end to all commercial and other activities.
These huge numbers have been a puzzle to scholars. They are consistent throughout the King List and therefore are not erroneous. While a rational explanation has thus far escaped historians, most researchers feel there must be some logical answer to these fanciful numbers since a parallel can be found in the enormous lifespans of the antediluvian Patriarchs.
It is entirely possible that these are not Earth years as we know them. A divine year or "Year of An" is often mentioned in the cuneiform tablets and, although not fully understood, is probably not equivalent to our normal Earth year. A reflection of this is found in the Old Testament (Psalms 90:4) where one divine day is said to be the equivalent of a thousand years. [Comment: This same statement or something similar is also in the Koran, I think.]
It was also not unusual for the ancients to compute time by other than normal Earth years as, for example, in the "Book of Jubilees" where a Jubilee year is equivalent to 50 regular years, that is, seven week years (a week year was seven years) and one year added for atonement when all activities were supposed to cease.
Furthermore, there is an indication that the years of the King List have an underlying logic as it is found in their system of enumeration. Their numerical system was sexagesimal in character but not strictly so, for they also made use of the factor of 10 as well as 6. Thus the sequence 1, 10, 60, 360, 3600 takes on a special meaning in their mythology. The number 60 held a special significance to the Sumerians, for in their system of numerical rank it was the highest number and assigned to their chief god An.
If the duration of the various terms of kingship are presented graphically, it becomes obvious that this sexagesimal system must underlie the fabulous numbers of the King List. Called a "shar" by the Sumerians, the number 3600 appears to have a special meaning in this list. It can be seen that, with slight adjustment, the years of reign of the Sumerian kings are divisible by this number It indicates that the term for the reign of a Sumerian antediluvian king was presumably a shar and was renewable every 3600 years. [Comment: This is the period of the orbit of Planet Nibiru.]
THE RULING GODS OF THE SUMERIAN PANTHEON
The Sumerians and Akkadians did not call their alien visitors "gods." It is in the later cultures that the notion of divine beings filtered into our language and thinking. They called them "ilu" or the lofty ones, from which the Semitic "ili" and "el" of the Hebrew evolved. [Comment: Prince Utu’s name in the Mayan language, interestingly, was/is Xochipili.]
The Western word "god" has through usage come to mean superior spiritual beings, far removed from Man and incapable of defect or error. On the other hand, Man is considered to be a blemished incomplete being, burdened with "original sin" and destined to worship and pay homage to an unreachable god. The Sumerian gods were far from spiritual. They were real live physical beings capable of committing serious errors and misjudgments. They could be called "supermen" if this term could be applied genetically to a saurian race.
The Sumerian gods regarded Man as a convenience and nothing more. He supplied their wants, kept their cities, and provided cannon fodder for their various military ventures. The gods could be cruel and unsympathetic masters. They considered humans merely as unruly children, no more important than pets, to be governed ruthlessly and without sentiment. These accusations may seem like hyperbole to the reader, but we shall see, by subsequent events, that this was indeed the case. [Comment: This notion is hauntingly similar to the discussion of the Archons of Destiny by John Baines in his book "The Stellar Man."]
Although the term Anunnaki is used generically to apply to all the Proto-Sumerians who came to this planet, it means literally "the sons of An," their great god. In the antediluvian period, a large group of these Anunnaki descended from the mother ship to colonize Earth. According to the "Enuma Elish," the Babylonian myth of creation, 300 of these Anunnaki descended to Earth while another 300 remained aboard the spaceship. These were called "Igigi" and presumably were the technicians of the spacecraft.
THE SENIOR GODS
AN, THE FATHER OF THE ANUNNAKI
An, or Anu in Akkadian, meant "He of the Heavens" and his name was always written pictographically as a star. He was the great progenitor and senior god who stood above all the other gods. His abode and seat of authority was in the heavens, the orbiting space ship or URU-SAG-AN-NA, literally "the chief city of the heavens."
[Comment: Anu in Greek/Roman was Kronos/Saturn, the son of Alalu or Uranus/Caelus. Sitchin writes about how Anu and Antu staged a coup d’etat and deposed Alalu and Lilitu. Greek mythology adds a curious footnote to this same story by stating that before usurping the throne from Uranus, Saturn first physically castrated his father. They are indeed ruthless creatures, these saurians! And it should be noted that although Planet Nibiru first arrived in our solar system around 500,000 Earth Years ago, the Sumerian King List doesn’t start until about 240,000 years ago. Thus, the intervening years before the ascension of Anu and the start of the King List can be deduced to equal the reign of Alalu.]
He descended to Earth only on special occasions, in time of crisis, or for ceremonial reasons. When on Earth he would stay in his temple, the E-ANNA or "House of An" atop the ziggurat in Uruk, his sacred city. The word ziggurat comes from the Babylonian "zaquru" and means "to be high or raised up." It signifies the top of a mountain or a staged tower and such a tower provided an artificial platform on the flat Mesopotamian plain.
Anu had three children - two sons Enlil and Enki and a daughter Ninkhursag. The division of authority between his two sons caused much dissension, and the senior god spent much of his time settling disputes between them as well as his grandchildren. [Comment: Refer to "The Vengeful Birth of Lord Hellespontiacus" in which it was mentioned that Anu had to settle the dispute between Princess Inanna and Queen Ereshkigal over the "ownership" of the kidnapped infant Dumuzi, who eventually became the public lover of Princess Inanna.
ENLIL, THE CHIEF OF THE EXPEDITION TO EARTH
Although he was the younger son of An, Enlil became the most powerful god of the Sumerian pantheon next to An. Literally "The Lord of the Command," Enlil was commander of the expedition of the Anunnaki to Earth. He had many appellations which described his authority:
Lord of Heaven and Earth
Lord of All the Lands
Giver of the Kingships
Prince of Heaven
Chief of Earth
Enlil was actually the archetype for the god of the Western Lands of Palestine and Syria - the "El" of the Semites and particularly the generic "El" or "Elohim" of the Bible.
Enlil made sure that the decrees of the gods in council were carried out against Mankind. He is often depicted with bow and arrow, symbolic of the powerful weapons at his disposal to enforce his authority.
Enlil disliked Mankind and only tolerated humans as necessary to provide for the welfare of the gods. It was Enlil, according to the Sumerian story of the Deluge, who brought on the destruction of Mankind because the noise of the boisterous humans interfered with his rest.
The temple dedicated to him at Nippur was called the DUR-AN-KI or "bond of heaven and earth," from where he directed the activities of Mankind. This structure is described in part in the cuneiform tablets as some type of communication or control center.
From his temple atop the Ekur at Nippur, it was said that he had "eyes that could scan the land." The equipment used sounds very much like some sort of radar or scanning device for the tablets state that "he raises the beams that search the heart of all the lands."
Enlil’s rule was at times turbulent. One day, seeing a goddess naked and bathing by a stream on Earth below, he became enamored of her and descended to seduce her. The pantheon was horrified at the escapade of Enlil since it apparently abrogated one of their basic conventions. Although he was the chief god, he was exiled from the spaceship and stripped of his powers. Only after marrying and making her his chief wife did the pantheon relent and let Enlil return to resume his authority.
Enlil named her Ninlil and gave her status equivalent to his own. The result of this episode was a son called Nannar who became Enlil’s favorite. Nannar was given rank in the pantheon second only to him and Enki, and honors and lands commensurate with his position.
[Comment: In Greek mythology, Enlil is the equivalent of Zeus, according to Sitchin, who also equated Prince Nannar with the Greek Hermes and Egyptian Thoth. Because the parents of Hermes were Zeus and Maia, it logically follows that Ninlil is the equivalent of Maia.]
ENKI, THE CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER
Although he was An’s first born, Enki was given lower rank than his younger brother Enlil, who had been born to An by another wife who was also his half-sister. By the laws of Sumerian inheritance, Enlil became heir to the throne. Lingering resentment over his disinheritance and the growing competition over who would control activities on Earth brought Enki into direct conflict with his brother Enlil.
EN-KI or "Lord of the Earth" was also called EA or "he whose house is on the water," a tacit reference to his water place or Abzu from where he carried out operations when he first arrived on Earth. Enki was all things to the expedition: Chief Engineer, Chief Scientist, Chief of Mining, and more importantly, the Creator of Mankind. [Comment: Here we once again find the oceanic reference to Enki, or Poseidon, God of the Seas.]
As a master engineer, he supervised the turning of the marshlands of lower Mesopotamia into a veritable paradise. He planned and supervised the construction of the canal system, the diking of the rivers, and the draining of the marshlands. In a self-laudatory poem he boasts of making the marshlands a haven for birds and fishes, of directing the invention and use of the plow and yoke, of starting animal husbandry, and bringing the construction arts to Earth in order to raise the cities.
Enki had many epithets. He was:
the God of Wisdom
the God Mining
the Lord of the Flowing Waters
the Lord of the Sea and Shipbuilding
He is often portrayed with a stream and fish flowing from his shoulders, symbolic of his capacity to provide navigable waters and to insure potable water to the cities of Mesopotamia.
His home was E-RI-DU, that is, "home built far away," a veiled reference to the fact that this was a colony. Eridu was the first city built by the alien astronauts on Earth and was located on the edge of the watered plain or EDIN.
Enki loved to go sailing or cruising on these water courses in his watercraft which he called "the Ibex" after the nimble goats which inhabited the surrounding mountains. In this way, the ibex and the goat with a fish tail became symbolic of the God Enki and appear often on Sumerian seals and monuments.
As the God of Mining, Enki is often shown with a human miner holding an ingot of metal on a carrying pole. Metal was molded this way, in the form of a cylinder with a hole through the middle, in order to facilitate its being carried on a pole with a handle.
He is also shown at times with his two sons Gibil and Nergal who were in charge of mining activities. But most important of all, Enki is remembered as the god who created man and who came to his defense against the capricious Enlil. As the creator of Man, he is often shown with the "the tree or shrub of life."
The serpent was also Enki’s symbol, presumably for its ability to shed its skin and therefore achieve a sort of immortality. The depiction of the serpent was one method the ancient artisans used to represent their reptile ancestors. It is also from the representation of the serpent coiled around the tree of life, that the "Caduceus" of the Greeks later evolved.
Just as the capricious Enlil is remembered as the god who brought on the Deluge, Enki is recognized as the one who saved Mankind by his timely warning of the coming disaster to the Sumerian Noah. Enki’s unauthorized creation of modern man or Homo sapiens further estranged him from Enlil. The antagonism between the two erupted again after the Deluge among their children who kept the Middle East in a state of turmoil for thousands of years. [Comment: Even up to the present day, it might be added - those people never stop fighting!]
NINKHURSAG, THE CHIEF MEDICAL OFFICER
NIN-KHUR-SAG or "Lady of the Mountain Top" was the fourth senior Sumerian god. She was a half-sister to Enki and Enlil. In earlier days Ninkhursag was of higher rank than Enki and preceded his name when they appeared together. She was later reduced in status and practically disappeared from the pantheon as a major or effective influence.
[Comment: From Sitchin’s work we know that Ninkhursag is the equivalent of the Egyptian Isis, which in turn we know from Greek mythology is the Greek Goddess Hera, later renamed Juno by the Romans.]
It may be that she was eclipsed by the rising star of Inanna or Ishtar who injected herself in all Sumerian and western affairs. In the Western Lands such as Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon, Ishtar appeared in several forms. As the mother goddess she displaced Ninkhursag. Her role was that of the sex or love goddess. She was also known for her militant role as the warrior goddess.
Ninkhursag is also known by many other names such as:
NIN-TI (the Lady who gives Life)
NIN-MAH (The Exalted Lady)
MAM-MU (The Creator Goddess), a name from whence came our word Mama
[Comment: In the lands of the Incas, she was known as "Pachamama." Is this great, or what!?] Ninkhursag was given the antediluvian city of Shuruppakwhere she reigned as the Chief Medical Officer and Chief Nurse for the members of the expedition. Her sacred symbol was the umbilical cord and the cutter knife used to sever it
Enki and Ninkhursag directed biological experiments in the laboratories atop her ziggurat at Shuruppak and in Enki’s floating headquarters which led to the creation of the first primitive man called a "lulu." This was a hybrid mammal-reptile form. This was done at the direct request of Enlil who wanted a creature able to take over the burdensome workload now being performed by the children of An.
Following formulas and processes provided by Enki, Ninkhursag produced a worker, but one with a major failing - it could not reproduce itself. By going a step further, and modifying this primitive being by giving it predominant mammal characteristics, Enki and Ninkhursag overreached their commission.
In crossbreeding the "lulu" with the wild primitive man of the period - Neanderthal Man - they achieved a new worker type, modern man or Homo sapiens, better known as Cro-Magnon Man. [Comment: i.e., Us.] It was this activity that brought down the wrath of Enlil. In further diluting the saurian strain, he saw it as a direct threat to the survival of the reptile race.
THE NUMERICAL RANK OF THE GODS
There was a very explicit "pecking order" among the astronaut-gods of the Sumerian pantheon. They were assigned numerical ranks based on a system of 60. This number represented a special, almost mystical, significance for the Sumerians.
Each major god was given a numerical "name" which represented his rank in the hierarchy. In this way, numbers were used as a sort of cryptography. The numerical ranks of the Sumerian ruling deities were assigned in descending order of importance:
Anu 60
Antu 55
Enlil 50
Ninlil 45
Enki 40
Ninki 35
Nannar 30
Ningal 25
Utu 20
Inanna 15
Ishkur 10
Ninkhursag 5
Numbers ending in 5 were assigned to the distaff side. According to Sumerian tradition, only males could command, a policy that caused much distress in the affairs of the Middle East, for Inanna refused to accept her status and intrigued and plotted almost continuously to gain political power.
The number 50 not only represented the rank of Enlil, but also his position as chief of all the activities on Earth. After the Deluge, when the younger gods challenged the authority of the older gods for leadership, Enlil’s military aide Ninurta assumed the title of ’fifty' and thereby lay claim to the mantle of leadership which apparently had been vacated by Enlil.
Besides Ninurta, there was another claimant to the leadership. Marduk, the eldest son of Enki, was unranked in the pantheon; he also assumed the title of "fifty" as he proclaimed himself chief of Babylon.
With the eclipse of the senior gods after the Deluge, there was a scramble for power among the younger gods Nannar, Utu, and Ishkur (with Inanna seemingly always involved). It brought much disorder to the nations of the Middle East. This manifested itself in constant warfare among the cities of Mesopotamia which became pawns in the struggle of the competing gods.
SECOND TIER OF THE PANTHEON, THE YOUNGER RULING GODS
Only the sons, daughters, wives, and grandchildren of Enlil were given numerical rank in the pantheon. The sons of Enki did not participate, perhaps because they were assigned geographic areas and activities away from Mesopotamia after the Deluge, a precaution on the part of Enlil to prevent conflict between the cousins, but presumably also to retain control of Mesopotamia for his family.
The Sumerian gods were always depicted graphically with horned crowns. In later days, the senior gods were represented by a horned crown sitting on an altar.
When the names of the gods were written out on the cuneiform tablets they were always preceded by the pictographic symbol of a star or a "dingir." The term "dingir" was a combination of DIN meaning "the righteous one" and GIR, the word for a bird or flying object. In other words, the symbol "dingir" meant that the name which followed was that of a god who was separated from common humanity by his ability to move about by celestial chariot or craft.
Each god had his sacred animal and symbol; these can be clearly seen on the boundary stones or markers as used by the Babylonian dynasties of the Second Millennium BC.
NANNAR, THE LEGITIMATE RULER OF MESOPOTAMIA
Born of the rape of Ninlil, NAN-NAR (The Bright One) was the favorite son of Enlil. After the Deluge he was assigned all the lands of Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine. His sacred city was Ur or "Capital City" and his sacred symbol was the crescent moon. This symbol so dominated the post-diluvian times that it later was adopted by Islam, just as the cross of Shamash was adopted by the Christians.
His Semitic name SIN (the Sinai region was named after him) is really not a Semitic name but a loan-word from Sumerian SU-EN or ZU-EN meaning "The Wise Lord." Since Sumerian names can be read forward as well as backwards, Zuen may be the EN-ZU or "The Lord Zu" who stole the Tablets of Destiny from Enlil and were retrieved by Ninurta with the aid of Ishkur and weapons supplied by Enki. This is strongly suggested by the notable absence of Nannar/Sin from "The Myth of Zu" discussed below. It also explains Sin’s falling out of favor at certain times in the history of Mesopotamia and the challenge of Ninurta to the rank of "fifty."
UTU, CHIEF OF THE SPACE FACILITIES
Utu or "The Shining One" was a grandson of Enlil and with Inanna was a twin born to Nannar. Utu’s city in antediluvian times was the space platform at Sippar, from where the freighters laden with metals shuttled to and from the orbiting space ship.
After the Deluge, Sippar remained his sacred city, although he moved his space activities to the west to the land of Lebanon, where Baalbek became the new space platform. In the Western Lands he was known by his Semitic name of Shamash. The city of Baalbek was called Beth-Shamash in the Old Testament, or in other words the "House of Shamash."
The symbol of Shamash was the four-pointed star against a disk with rays. Later, the winged solar disk became associated with Shamash.
He subsequently became known as the God of Justice in the Babylonian pantheon, as shown on a table, circa 900 BC, found at Sippar. Shamash was worshiped as the Sun God who daily traversed the skies and the "one from whom no secrets were hid," probably because his space craft surveyed all that went on below. In this tablet two horned gods in "heaven" hold divine cords which connect with the altar of Shamash below. The cords represent his connection or shuttle flight between heaven and earth. As the divine cordholder, it was said he traversed the skies and "measured the bounds of the Earth."
[Comment: Utu/Shamash was known in Greek mythology as the Sun God Apollo, later renamed Helios by the Romans. In Egypt he was known as the God Harpocrates.]
Shamash was often depicted with wings indicative of his role as Chief Astronaut of the Anunnaki. An Assyrian relief from the palace of Asshurnazipal II at Nimrod shows him in a winged wheel hovering over the symbolic tree of life. It is flanked by two nobles and two winged astronauts each bearing the symbols of immortality - the pine cone and the "situla" or water bucket.
[Comment: Drunvalo Melchizedek talks about the fact that the pine cone forms in the perfect Fibonacci Sequence. I have looked at pine cones after reading that, and it is true. Thus, if the Fibonacci Sequence is indeed incorporated into the mathematical structure of the Great Pyramid of Egypt, as Drunvalo suggests, then this symbol of a pine cone relating to Utu could indicate this as well, because the Great Pyramid and Sphinx were constructed in the first place to be "landing beacons," so to speak, for Space Commander Utu’s Sinai Spaceport. Also, it is interesting that in the book Hamlet’s Mill by Giorgio de Santillana and Hertha von Dechend, in connection with the discussion of the Planet Nibiru in Appendix 39, the "symbolic tree" or "pukku" is detailed at great length. See also The Cosmic Tree.]
INANNA, LOVE GODDESS AND CHIEF TROUBLEMAKER
IN-ANNA or "The Beloved of Anu" was a twin to Shamash and granddaughter of Anu. Since Anu descended to Earth only occasionally to visit his sacred city of Uruk, Inanna convinced him to let her rule the city in his absence. Later she became the patron deity of Agade just before its destruction.
Better known by her Semitic name of Ishtar, she is depicted as a powerful goddess throughout the post-diluvian period, in the Western Lands as well as in Mesopotamia. Her sacred symbol, the eight-pointed star, is always predominant among the symbols of the ruling gods.
By virtue of her gender, Inanna or Ishtar could not legally rule, yet she managed to inject herself into politics everywhere. One poem describes her descent to the nether world to try to seize power from her older sister Ereshkigal.
[Comment: Because of all the incestuous relationships among these various ranking gods and goddesses, it is often difficult to determine just who was a sister or brother of whom, or who exactly was whose grandchild. It is my opinion, for example, that Inanna was the great-granddaughter, not merely the granddaughter, of Anu. These genealogical problems will be analyzed in much greater detail in a future article devoted specifically to royal lineages.]
Another myth relates how she managed to trick Enki into giving her some of the Tablets of Destiny or MEs which gave her the authority and the means to install herself as ruler of Uruk. In the famous "Gilgamesh Epic" she offers her favors to the hero of the epic who resoundly rejects her advances, thereby enraging her to the extent that she tried to destroy Gilgamesh.
The image presented by the Sumerian and Babylonian literature is a mixed one - that of the love goddess on the one hand, and that of the militant warrior on the other. She not only interfered in the affairs of Mesopotamia but also dominated the pantheon of the Western Lands of Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, and Anatolia where she was known under various names such as Ishtar, Ashtoreth, Astarte, Asherah, and Anat among others.
Inanna was the prototype for both warrior and love goddesses in the Mediterranean area and later became the model for the two Greek goddesses, Pallas Athena and Aphrodite.
[Comment: This is slightly incorrect. In Greco-Roman mythology Inanna was known as Aphrodite/Venus; thus, in Egypt as Hathor. Athena was a different goddess entirely, a Warrior Goddess who gave her name to the city of Athens and the consort of the Greco-Roman Warrior God Haphaestus/Vulcan/Typhon. These two warriors were known in Egypt, respectively, as Sekhmet and Ptah. From a Nibiruan linguistic standpoint, they could be referred to as Baron Ninurta and Baroness Bau.]
ISHKUR, LORD OF ANATOLIA AND GOD OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
The youngest son of Enlil, ISH-KUR or "He of the Mountain Land" was assigned Anatolia as his domain. Ishkur attempted some inroads into the politics of Mesopotamia, but mostly he limited his activities to trying to extend his sphere of influence and control over Palestine or Canaan.
[Comment: Don’t forget that Anatolia was the "Land of the Amazons and Lesbos," the legendary "Birth Goddesses" who revolted against the Emperor and Empress, causing the Eva to have to be created by Chief Medical Officer and Geneticist, the Queen Ninkhursag/Isis. For additional details, see the Sitchin material.]
Better known by his Semitic name Adad, he was the god of thunder and lightning. He is often depicted holding the forked lightning bolt. Adad was in all probability the Yahweh (Jehovah) of the Old Testament who tried to use Abraham at first, and later Moses, to extend his sphere of influence over the land of Canaan. This role is discussed below.
[Comment: This is flat wrong. Enlil was the Yahweh/Jehovah of the Bible. And this editor takes great issue with Zecharia Sitchin’s attempt in his latest book "Divine Encounters," final chapter, to disassociate the Yahweh of Jewish tradition from the Nibiruan Pantheon. To put it quite bluntly, this was a terrible "cop-out" on Sitchin’s part. He simply cannot have it both ways.]
THE NIBIRUAN TABLETS OF DESTINY
Control over the operations of the cities and the activities of Mankind was exercised through a system of directives and formulas called the MEs in Sumerian. The exact meaning of the word is lost in antiquity, but it seemed to denote a set of rules or regulations assigned to every entity and phenomenon to keep it operating successfully.
[Comment: These MEs are discussed by Sitchin in great detail in "The Wars of Gods and Men," as well as by the authors of Hamlet’s Mill, Appendix 39.]
Sometimes they appear to be physical objects that one could pick up and carry. Possession of the ME gave the owner absolute control of a certain aspect of life or behavior. Perhaps they were something like our present-day computer chip on which data and operational orders were inscribed, and were used to activate a piece of equipment. In the myth "Enki and the World Order," the MEs appear to control an aircraft under the command of Enki. In this story, Enki is described as the "Lord who drives the great MEs."
The MEs were in the possession of Enki and were released gradually and sparingly to benefit Mankind. Our primary source of information on them is the story "Inanna and Enki" where civilization is divided into over 100 elements, each of which required a ME to keep it functioning.
Some 60 odd ones are readable in this myth and they include, for example, kingship, priestly office, wisdom, peace, counsel, judgment, falsehood, art, musical instruments, weapons, libel, prostitution, law, and the destruction of cities.
[Comment: This sounds like Archons of Destiny stuff again. Perhaps the highest strata of Nibiruan Royal Society are really the "Archons of Destiny."]
This myth concerns the successful attempt of Inanna to extract some of these MEs from Enki. According to the story, Enki had prepared a sumptuous feast to entertain the beautiful, but ambitious, granddaughter of Anu. Seeing that Enki had drunk too much wine and was inebriated, the opportunistic Inanna saw her chance and asked Enki for seven major MEs to which he foolishly agreed.
These MEs embraced the functions necessary for running a city, such as, how to manage a temple, the art of warfare and weapons, music and the arts, scribeship and mathematics, and many wood and metal crafts.
[Comment: Don’t forget that Utu was the secret lover of Inanna and was eventually known as "the god of music and song" and the inventor of the flute and the lyre. She probably gave him the secrets of music, which she obtained from her deception of Enki.]
Later when Enki sobered up, he realized what he had done and sent his chamberlain by swift "boat of heaven" to pursue the fleeing Inanna and retrieve the MEs. [Comment: Remember how she cruised all over the Sirius Sector in pursuit of Duke Dumuzi and as a result set off the Pyramid Wars?] Inanna managed to outwit Enki’s messenger, however, and arrived at her adopted city of Uruk much to the acclaim of the citizenry. Inanna boasted that, for all practical purposes, she was now a ruler for she had the official trappings and authority of a monarch.
These MEs would not only confer authority to the owner but absolute power as well, by making the owner of certain MEs impregnable to weapons. This attribute is described in the Sumerian story of "The Myth of Zu." As a god serving as retainer to Enlil, Zu plotted a palace revolution by trying to seize control of the Tablets of Destiny that Enlil had carelessly left unattended. It was previously suggested that the culprit who attempted the coup d’etat was probably none other than Nannar/Sin.
As Enlil was taking a bath, Zu conceived the idea of stealing the MEs or Tablets of Destiny, contending that these divine decrees would give him control over the Anunnaki and Mankind and place him in command of the pantheon.
Zu made good his boast and escaped with the Tablets. The pantheon was thrown into complete disarray by this alarming development. Enlil declared that someone must retrieve the MEs to prevent Zu from usurping the authority of the gods.
But it seemed that control of the MEs also made Zu impregnable, giving him the ability to deflect and nullify all weapons sent against him. Exploding arrows, sounding suspiciously like rocket missiles, were launched against him but were deflected by some sort of forcefield around the "mountain" redoubt that Zu had fortified.
Finally, Enki forged a new special weapon in his laboratory. It was given to Ninurta, the military aid of Enlil, who finally defeated Zu and brought him back to the airship for trial. Thus ended the worst threat ever experienced by the Sumerian ruling deities.
[Comment: Sitchin makes this "Zu" equal Marduk. See his book "The Wars of Gods and Men."]
The presence of similar symbols of authority are mentioned in the Scriptures where it is often stated that the possession of certain "divine names" conferred extraordinary power. Were the MEs of the Sumerians the same as the divine names of the Scriptures?
When Enoch, the antediluvian Patriarch, was deified upon his ascent to the "heavenly abode," he was given "seventy names," according to the "Hebrew Apocalypse of Enoch." Also called the "First Book of Enoch," this document is believed to have originated in Babylonian Jewry and is attributed to the Rabbi Ishmael, the renowned Palestinian scholar who died in 132 AD.
These seventy names conferred power and authority on Enoch second only to the chief deity. The "divine names" gave Enoch the power to smite kings, elevate the humble, subdue rulers, confer wisdom, make judgments, and "control the procession of time and the seasons." Presumably, the latter meant the authority to adjust the calendar when necessary, such as when worldwide catastrophe made the old calendars obsolete.
According to the Sumerian King List, there were only five cities which held the kingship before the Deluge or, in other words, which served as capital cities to the antediluvian Anunnaki. The order in which they are given is the succession in which they ruled, although they were probably all built at about the same time.
The reason for moving the capital from one city to the other may have been political; on the other hand, the shifting of the water courses due to periodic flooding and the drying up of the southern part of the Mesopotamian Valley, as the climate changed, may have been the compelling reason for moving the capital to more northern and readily accessible cities.
Strangely enough, the King List does not mention the cities of Uruk and Nippur which were also built before the Deluge. These were designed as ceremonial and sacred cities, which probably accounts for their being left out of the King List. The five cities of the King List were strictly operational cities.
They were operational cities built by Enki and his engineer astronauts for the express purpose to obtain rare metals, processing them, and ferrying the ingots to the orbiting mother ship. The five cities were a cohesive group, each providing an essential function to the main purpose of the expedition.
Their function is alluded to in their names, and are as follows:
ERIDU, OPERATIONAL HEADQUARTERS OF ENKI
Literally "Home Built Far Away," E-RI-DU was the first city to assume the directed all operations on Earth, as he supervised the draining of the marshlands, the raising of the cities, the establishment of agriculture and animal husbandry, and generally making the land more hospitable and productive.
From Eridu, Enki also directed the development of the mines, presumably in Africa, the transportation of the ores, and the processing of the metals at Badtibira. Eridu was the first city built on this planet, which probably gave our world its name - Earth, the third planet in our solar system. The origin of the word "Earth" is unknown and its origin lost in antiquity, but logically and linguistically it can be traced back to Eridu.
[Comment: As a trained linguist, I can also see this connection. Remember what I have previously discussed about consonant strings and aspiration. Well, the consonant string in Eridu = RD, and the consonant string in Earth = RT (H rarely counts). T and D are paired consonants in linguistics; they are formed in exactly the same way by the muscles of the mouth, but D requires use of the vocal cords. Try it! On the other hand, Enki’s alternative name was Ea, which just coincidentally happens to occur in the word Earth. However, as we know from Sitchin, our planet’s original name before the Nibiruan arrival was Tiamat.]
The name assigned to their planet by its occupants can be traced back to the root Eridu. In Old High German, Earth is Erda; it is Erthe in Middle English, Era in Greek, Ereds in Aramaic, and Eretz in Hebrew, to name just a few. It seems that all philological roads lead back to the first city built on this planet by our alien forefathers - Eridu.
BAD-TIBIRA, THE METALS PROCESSING CENTER
The name BAD-TIBIRA means "city where the ores are processed." In the King List it retained kingship for the longest time of all the cities, almost half of the period of time recorded before the Deluge, which is indicative of its primary importance among the cities. Sumerian "tibira" is derived from the same proto-Sumerian substrata word as Hebrew "tubal," which means "metal worker." This relationship is seen in Genesis wherein Tubal-Cain, the son of the Patriarch Lamech, is credited with the invention of metals:
"Tubal-Cain, who forged the various implements of copper and iron."
Badtibira was the first strictly operational city built by Enki and reflects the reason the Anunnaki came here - to obtain and process certain metals, presumably gold and silver, and perhaps other rare metals. [Comment: They needed this gold, as we know, to reinforce the heat-shield around their Planet Nibiru.]
The King List assigns the city of Badtibira to Nugig or NU-GIG which means "he of the bright sky" and was an epithet for Nannar, the favorite son of Enlil.
Arriving by ship from the African mines, the ores would be processed at Badtibira into transportable form and then would be shuttled up to the mother ship to be eventually shipped to the home planet. For this reason, a beacon city was needed to guide the incoming and outgoing shuttles.
LARAK, THE SPACE CONTROL CENTER
The name LA-RA-KA means "see the bright light" and the third city assigned the kingship. Its name indicates its function, that of guiding the metal freighters arriving and leaving Mesopotamia.
The King List has the city assigned to Pabilsag, meaning "the great protector" and it was one of the titles of Ninurta, the military aide of Enlil who recovered the ME,s from the rebel son Zu. Little is known of this city, and like that of Badtibira has not been located archaeologically. [Comment: Ninurta in Egypt was Ptah; Zu or Marduk in Egypt was Amon-Ra, the Baal of the Bible.]
SIPPAR, THE SPACE LAUNCH PLATFORM
The fourth city built was SIP-PAR or "Bird City." It was the landing platform for the space shuttles, especially those hauling metal cargo. One of the Sumerian myths states that this city was built for the god Utu, one of the circle of seven great gods who decreed the fates.
Better known as Shamash, his Akkadian and Semitic name, Utu was chief of the astronauts. When the space platform and related activities were moved to the Western Lands [Comment: ie, Sinai] after the Deluge, Shamash was placed in charge of the space city of Baalbek as well as the land of Lebanon.
[Comment: This is slightly incorrect. Prince Utu was the Nibiruan Space Commander at the Sinai Spaceport; Princess-Royal Inanna was Nibiruan Airfleet Commander at the Baalbek Airport, although she was under the direct command of her brother and secret lover, Prince Utu. See: Hellespontiacus.]
Since it was "the stairway to the stars," Sippar was of major import among the antediluvian cities. Its sole king Enmeduranna literally means "the Lord whose MEs bond Heaven and Earth," an allusion to his ability to control the flights between Sippar and the orbiting ship. Enmeduranna was himself the hero of a Sumerian tradition which has him transported to heaven, much the same as the Biblical Enoch who was also translated to heaven. The evidence that identifies Enoch as Enmeduranna is found in the writings of the Pseudepigrapha discussed below.
SHURUPPAK, THE CHIEF MEDICAL CENTER
The fifth city to be built was SHU-RUP-PAK, or "the place of the utmost well being." This city was dedicated to the Chief Nurse and Medical Officer of the Expedition, the Goddess Ninkhursag. She tended to the medical and health needs of the Anunnaki, and to a certain extent to the needs of humans, from her temple atop the ziggurat at Shuruppak.
URUK, THE SACRED CITY OF THE GREAT GOD ANU
Uruk or "Great City" was dedicated to the chief god Anu. Its temple atop the ziggurat was the ceremonial center for Sumer. It was his residence when away from his space city and on visits to Earth, which became less frequent as the world became more populated. Anu’s influence seems to have declined in the days just before the Deluge and his authority was taken over by Enlil. Since he rarely used his ceremonial city, Anu turned it over to Inanna at her request. [Comment: Anu and Inanna were lovers for a long time.] She institutionalized her control over the city of Uruk by obtaining the necessary controls and authorities in the MEs which she extracted from Enki, as we have seen.
NIPPUR, ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER OF ENLIL
This was the city dedicated to Enlil and where he ruled from his Ekur or "house on the mountain." At Nippur, Enlil exercised supreme command over all the Anunnaki on Earth before the Deluge.
One of the hymns dedicated to him provides a graphic description of a control center bristling with communications and other electronic equipment scanning the horizons. From the Ekur, it was said that Enlil’s "eye scans the land" and "his lifted beam searches the heart of all the lands."
Nippur was rebuilt after the Deluge as his sacred city. It is also the city where, according to the "Third Book of Enoch" that the Lord kept his "Shekinah" or space craft, at the entrance of the Garden of Eden until the days of Enosh when he abruptly left for his heavenly abode, never to return except on special occasions. It was also at Nippur, at the River Chebar, that Ezekiel first saw the "fiery chariot" which is described so vividly in the "Book of Ezekiel."
[Comment: If you ever pass through Pittsburg, Texas, have lunch or dinner at Warrick’s Restaurant - excellent Cajun type food. They have a life-sized replica of the Ezekiel Airship sitting right there in the middle of the restaurant, next to where the Samoan band plays on the weekends. Yes, this is true!]
THE ABZU OR FLOATING PALACE OF ENKI
AB-ZU, or Apsu in Akkadian, is derived from the combination of AB or AP [Comment: Linguistically, the B and P are paired, as aspirated and non-aspirated consonants.] meaning "the father, the creator, or the great one" and ZU or SU meaning "one who knows, the wise one," thus suggesting it was the source of all wisdom and knowledge. The Abzu seems to have had three different meanings to the Mesopotamians, depending on the time period or era which the tablets refer to.
Originally Abzu was the term for our Sun. In the Sumerian creation myth which deals with the formation of the universe, the Abzu is called the "primeval one" and the "begetter" of the planets of our solar system. Later when the Anunnaki had arrived here and began to set up operations, the Abzu is clearly the abode of Enki located near the city of Eridu.
After the Deluge, the meaning takes on sinister connotations. It becomes "the deep" from whence the Greek word "abyssos" and the modern "abyss," and refers to the nether world, presumably to the ancient mines. Mining does not seem to be the main preoccupation of the post-diluvian period. While they may still have been operational, and worked on a limited basis by a prison population, they had become mainly a place of detention.
[Comment: Following the Deluge, the South African gold mines fell into disuse. Then the Pyramid Wars further complicated this situation. Duke Nergal was removed from his position as Head Panhandler and was replaced by Prince Enki, who moved the whole operation to the Lake Titicaca/Nazca area of Peru. This move was also forced by the fact that Prince Utu, the secret lover and chief ally of Princess-Royal Inanna in the Pyramid Wars, blew up the Sinai Spaceport to aid her struggle with the villainous Baron Marduk and his consort, the wicked Baroness Sarpanit. These latter two were known in Ancient Egypt as Amon-Ra and Nut-Bast and in Ancient Greece as Belus and Anchinoe.]
It is the second meaning, that of the floating headquarters of Enki, that pervades the literature relating to the antediluvian days. In the myth "Enki and the World Order," one of the longest and best preserved of the narrative poems, the Abzu of Eridu is described as a splendid shrine, nestled among the shade trees filled with birds and navigable canals stocked with fish.
In this Eden-like garden, Enki takes pleasure trips over the marshland and canals in his MAGUR type boat which he refers to as "the Ibex of the Abzu." This ship is presumably some sort of small runabout as MA-GUR means "ship to turnabout in."
The ibex is an allusion to the wild goat of the surrounding mountains and is often used to represent the person of Enki on cylinder seals and statuettes. Probably the most beautiful of these is the statue of the ibex peering through a shrub, found in the royal palace at Ur and dated to about 2500 BC. Lavishly done in gold and lapis lazuli, it shows a winged ibex peering through a shrub which represents the "Tree of Life" or immortality.
[Comment: A list subscriber recently emailed me, asking where these "gods" go when they "die," since ultra-hunky Adonis Duke Dumuzi, the public lover of the troublemaker Princess-Royal Inanna, was murdered by Baron Marduk during the Pyramid Wars. I don’t know what happens to them. Duke Dumuzi, as far as I know, is the only one who has ever been deprived of life. The rest of these Saurian Gods drink of an elixir from a "Tree of Life" which confers "eternal life," as long as they continue to drink it. That is why they absolutely would not allow the hybrids Adamu and Eva to get their hands on it. They did not want "us" to attain the status of "immortal gods."]
Enki is often depicted as residing in this Abzu or "water palace." A cylinder seal of about 2000 BC shows it as his home surrounded by water. It was probably a sealed mobile craft as well, as indicated in the "Gilgamesh Epic" where Utnapishtim, the Babylonian Noah, is told to seal his ark thoroughly in order to make it waterproof. "Like the Abzu thou shall seal her," he is told.
The Abzu thus appears to be sealed like a ship and probably was submersible as well. Before Enki built the first city of Eridu, he resided in the Abzu which apparently had descended from the orbiting space ship to settle in the swamps of Mesopotamia. Presumably, it was of such a configuration that it could fly and was submersible as well.
In this respect, there is an interesting comparison to the configuration of the Ark of Noah as described in Chapter 13.
ENKI AS THE OANNES OF THE BABYLONIAN LEGENDS
[Comment: Read The Sirius Mystery by Robert K. G. Temple. These Saurians obviously drifted in here from the Sirius System.]
The traditions of ancient Mesopotamia recount the story of an amphibious ancestor who taught the arts and crafts of civilization to Mankind. Written in the Third Century BC by the Babylonian priest Berossus, it describes the origins of civilization as his forefathers believed it.
Although the works of Berossus have been lost, many fragments have been preserved by a number of contemporary writers such as Apollodorus, Aleksander Polyhistor, and Abydens, one of Aristotle’s disciples who also wrote an Assyrian history of his own, now lost.
The account speaks of a group of creatures who came out of the Persian Gulf called "Annedoti" led by one Oannes. They reportedly were amphibious creatures with the head of a man, the body and tail of a fish, yet legged like a man.
Led by Oannes, these creatures taught man all of the ancient knowledge. According to the legend, Oannes instructed Man how to build cities, to found temples, to compile laws, to survey the lands, and how to grow food. He also taught them mathematics, the sciences, and every kind of art.
Apollodorus referred to Oannes and the Annedoti as "Musarus." The word "musarus" means "an abomination" in Greek just as "annedoti" means "the repulsive ones." In other words, the creatures credited with founding civilization were frankly described by the ancient Babylonian people, who revered them, as "repulsive abominations."
If the tradition had been invented, a more normal attitude would be to glorify these creatures as splendid gods and heroes. Yet the fact that they chose to describe their ancestors this way argues for the authenticity of the account. It was the Babylonian tradition that they owed their knowledge to creatures who came up from the sea who were disgusting and loathsome to gaze upon.
Of further significance is that the Oannes of Berossus and Apollodorus bears a striking resemblance to the Sumerian Enki who founded the Mesopotamian civilization and brought civilized arts and sciences to mankind. Enki lived in his water palace or Abzu located on the edge of the Persian Gulf. Enki’s Abzu was sealed and was presumably submersible. Oannes was said to return to his watery abode in the evening to spend the night.
Even the name Annedoti is quite similar to the people of Enki - the Anunnaki, from whence it was probably derived. The Greek term may have originated with the Sumerians and was later carried over as a description of a race that was both reptilian and loathsome.
When our saurian ancestors arrived here to exploit the resources of this planet, they must have found the physical conditions here ideal for living, perhaps very similar to those of their home planet.
What were these conditions that were so compatible to the alien race that came here hundreds of thousands of years ago?
At the time of the arrival of the alien astronauts or Anunnaki, the climate of the Earth was moist and stable, not running to the extremes in temperature as it is today. This was due to the enormous amount of moisture being held in the Earth’s atmosphere, a veritable cloud canopy. This condition is described in the Book of Genesis as the "separation of waters."
It is in this moist climate that the Annunaki arrived to exploit the Earth’s resources. They were a sapient reptile race and found conditions here very congenial to their existence for it approximated those on their home planet.
[Comment: We know from Sitchin that prior to the arrival of the Planet Nibiru, the Earth was in a different orbit around the Sun. After the collision of one of Nibiru’s moonlets with the Earth in the area of what is now the Pacific Ocean, Earth/Tiamat was hurtled out of its previous orbit into its current one. Obviously, then, when these Nibiruans first arrived, they found a climate much different than what we have experienced in more modern times.]
It is no accident that all the early settlements were founded at the mouth of large river systems, where moisture was abundant. Besides the Tigris and Euphrates, other civilizations sprang up in the Nile delta and in the Indus River system. They were actually offshoots of the main colony in Mesopotamia.
THE MEANING OF THE SEPARATION OF WATERS
According to the account of the creation of Earth in the Book of Genesis, at one time the waters were all commingled together. Then they were divided:
"God said, ’Let there be an expanse in the middle of the water to form a division between the waters,’ and it was so. God made the expanse, and it divided the water below it from the water above it."
The separation of the waters with half remaining on the surface of the Earth and half going into the upper atmosphere is also mentioned in the Book of Jubilees. One of the lost books of the Bible, Jubilees, was originally written in Hebrew as an extensive retelling of Genesis and Exodus. It has been found in Greek, Syriac, Latin, and Ethiopic as well; however, the Ethiopic text is the only one that has survived in a form that is virtually complete. The Book of Jubilees makes it clear that as much moisture remained in the atmosphere as was found in the world oceans:
"And on the second day he made the firmament in the midst of the water. And the waters were divided on that day. One half of them went up above, and one half of them went down beneath the firmament."
Clearly, it is asserted that as much moisture was held in the sky, presumably as a dense cloud cover, and was contained in the seas below. Berossus in his history of Babylonia, fragments of which have been preserved by Polyhistor, related that at the time of creation "the whole universe consisted of moisture" and that Zeus "separated heaven and earth from one another."
This condition was universally noted. Many ancient cultures refer to a time in the far past when there was no sun as we know it today. In the Popul Vuh, the sacred book of the ancient Quiche Maya, it is stated that there was a time when it was cloudy and twilight was upon the face of the Earth. There was no sun yet to be seen for "the sky and the earth existed but the face of the sun and the moon were covered." The dense cloud cover or vapor canopy would mean that blue sky was seen by the ancients until after the Deluge.
[Comment: Both Boulay and Sitchin seem to be under the mistaken impression that only one Deluge has occurred in our planetary history. If, however, we accept the theories of Dr. Immanuel Velikovsky in Worlds In Collision, there have been a series of "Deluges," which were the direct results of a series of Polar Axial Displacements. Thus, this reference in the Popul Vuh undoubtedly is referring to only one of these cataclysms. You are referred to The Polar Pivotal Axis.]
One of the oldest pieces of Sumerian mythology, if not the oldest yet known, seems to echo the description of the Popul Vuh. It is paraphrased as follows:
"The reptiles verily descend. The Earth is resplendent as a well-watered garden. At that time Enki and Eridu had not appeared. Daylight did not shine. Moonlight had not emerged."
A stable cloud canopy also meant that the Earth had to be watered by a different regime than it is today. The Book of Genesis bears this out:
"God had not yet sent rain upon the Earth . . . instead a flow would well up from the ground and water the whole surface of the soil."
It was not until the cloud cover collapsed with the event known as the Deluge that man saw sunlight and blue sky. Verification of this is also found in Genesis which states that the Lord introduced the rainbow after the Deluge. Rainbows are the result of the prismatic effect of the bending of the rays of the sun through water droplets. Rainbows can only occur after rain and require the direct action of sunlight.
THE ANTEDILUVIAN VAPOR CANOPY OF THE EARTH
The theory that the Earth had a primordial vapor canopy was developed by Donald Patten in his book The Biblical Flood and the Ice Epoch. He surmises that it was in some ways like that surrounding Venus today. The canopy of Venus consists primarily of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, with some water vapor. The Earth’s primordial vapor canopy, on the other hand, was composed mostly of water vapor, some carbon dioxide, and virtually no hydrocarbons. This cloud cover condensed out at the time of the Deluge. Patten believes that plant life was luxuriant in that early period because of the proportions of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere and the capture of long wave radiation which resulted in the "greenhouse effect."
This greenhouse effect meant that temperatures would tend to be uniform between night and day as well as between summer and winter. There had to be little circulation of the atmosphere, and this absence of cyclonic activity precluded the formation of storms and other forms of precipitation.
Although the surface of the Earth was shielded from the direct rays of the Sun, plant life was rich and abundant due to the proportion of carbon dioxide to that of water vapor in the atmosphere. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was probably many times higher than it is today. Two climatologists, Owen Toon and Steve Olson, in their article on "The Warm Earth," in Science, (October 1985) maintain that the early atmosphere of the Earth may have contained as much as a thousand times more carbon dioxide than it does today.
In those days people obtained much of their water from underground sources, as stated in Genesis 5:
"God had not sent rain upon the Earth... instead, a flow would well up from the ground and water the whole surface of the soil."
Water was also provided by the rivers which descended from the mountains, fed by natural springs. The heavily saturated atmosphere also condensed at nightfall, thus producing a heavy dew which provided a certain amount of moisture.
This also made night conditions unbearable for Man when the heavy dew was precipitated. It may explain why caves were in wide use by early man in Europe between 60,000 and 10,000 BC. Presumably they were used for shelter as protection from wild animals, but also, by building bonfires at their entrances, they provided relief from the oppressive climatic conditions.
With a canopy of water vapor, humidity even in the daytime would have been at near maximum, and temperatures would have hovered consistently at the dewpoint. With the coming of night, temperatures would have dropped slightly and dewpoint would be quickly reached. At this time, a thick somewhat clammy and uncomfortable layer of dew would begin to form. By building a bonfire at the mouth of the cave, primitive man could thereby maintain the temperature above dewpoint all night and thereby increase his comfort.
[Comment: This is an extremely provocative and unusual hypothesis, and to my knowledge it is unique to Boulay’s book.]
DESICCATION OF THE LAND
During this early period the climate was benign all over the world. The stable and moist atmosphere was ideal for the huge vegetarian dinosaurs and other large reptile forms. Had the antediluvian climate remained the same, who knows what reptilian forms would have evolved.
[Comment: It is most notable that Boulay is assuming that dinosaurs and man coexisted. This is the same sort of revolutionary theory proposed by Dr. Velikovsky, one that has been widely attacked by the scientific establishment.]
In their analysis of the reasons why dinosaurs and reptiles became extinct, Allaby and Lovelock in their book The Great Extinction, suggested that if the climate had remained unchanged until the present day, there is no reason to suppose that the reptiles would have declined. They maintain that furthermore,
"Mammals might still be living in nocturnal obscurity and had intelligent beings evolved - let us say beings with advanced technologies - they might well have scaly skins and probably long tails."
Physical conditions, however, began to change dramatically. The land began to dry out. Since there was no cyclonic activity to produce rain, moisture had to be gotten from the ground or from spring-fed river systems. A limited amount of moisture was also provided by the heavily saturated atmosphere which condensed at night fall.
The changing climate was no longer friendly to the alien saurians. Mammals had become better adapted to the changes and were slowly replacing the reptiles as the dominant form on Earth. The lush vegetation was declining and the Anunnaki were beginning to suffer.
A Sumerian myth called The Dispute between Cattle and Grain describes how the Anunnaki originally lived off the land:
"They knew not the eating of bread, knew not the dressing of garments. Ate plants with their mouth like sheep, drank water from the ditch."
Since conditions on Earth had changed, the Anunnaki could not feed themselves. The myth describes how two goddesses were created in the spaceship to help the Anunnaki to obtain food - the Cattle Goddess Lahat and the Grain Goddess Ashnan. The Anunnaki could not learn to feed themselves for some reason which is not given, and the experiment proved unsuccessful. This is why the myth states further, that Man was created.
At this time, the Anunnaki were vegetarian, and it was not until later when food became scarce that they turned to eating flesh. This is reflected in the Ethiopic Apocalypse of Enoch, which describes how the Nefilim began to eat the flesh of animals, all the time pleading the scarcity of vegetable food.
Both religious and secular sources indicate that Man, and the serpent-gods living among them, were vegetarian and not meat eaters. According to Genesis, Man did not eat flesh until after the Deluge. This was not true of the Nefilim and Anunnaki who turned to eating the flesh of animals and eventually that of humans.
The desiccation of the earth may have been partly caused by the numerous catastrophes of the period. Earthquakes and other natural catastrophes in the antediluvian period are often alluded to in the religious literature as well as the Sumerian myths.
EARTHQUAKES AND OTHER CATASTROPHES
Earthquakes and other natural catastrophes were not unknown to early man for they are mentioned in many ancient sources, both religious and secular. The Haggadah, the source of Hebrew oral tradition, refers to a period of calamities that occurred in the generation of Enosh, the second after Adam, when the Earth was beset by "four revolutions in nature," presumably a reference to major earthquakes, perhaps caused by a shift of the Earth on its axis.
Other ancient sources reveal that, in the days of Enosh, there were severe disruptions in the water supply, and that "the mountains became barren," and so many people died that the corpses rotted where they lay and were not buried.
Such a shift would have an effect on the calendar as well, especially the length of the year. In the First Book of Enoch there are several admonitions to the people against errors in the compilation of the length of the year. Enoch tells Methuselah that "the year is completed in 364 days" and not to note this correction would upset all the order of the days of celebration. It would thus appear that, at least for a while, the length of the year was 364 instead of 365 days. [Comment: This point is discussed at great length by Dr. Velikovsky in Worlds In Collision.]
Even the Greek writer Herodotus, in his Histories, refers to ancient perturbations of the Earth. He was informed by the Egyptian priests at the ancient city of Heliopolis that in the preceding 10,000 years, "the sun had removed from its proper course four times." It seems that the axis of the Earth had been displaced four times, for the sun was said by them to have changed its usual position, twice rising in the west, and twice in the east.
Curiously enough, the statement of Herodotus agrees with the ancient religious sources which speak of four major disturbances during the days of Enosh. The sun’s eccentric behavior is also found in the Hebrew oral tradition which affirms that in the era before the Deluge "the laws of nature were suspended, the sun rose in the west and set in the east."
The century just before the Deluge must have been one of many natural catastrophes which were a forerunner of the major one to come.
[Comment: Perhaps this "Deluge" to which Boulay seems to attribute such great significance was indeed a "major catastrophe" of monumental proportions, compared to an ordinary, routine Polar Axis Shift, if one dares to call such an Axis Shift ordinary and routine.]
THE 120-YEAR PERIOD IN GENESIS
There is a curious statement in Genesis 6 which just precedes the account of the Deluge, that refers to a period of 120 years. For generations, scholars have interpreted the verse by the Lord to mean that man was granted a lifespan of 120 years. The account of Genesis says,
"My spirit shall not abide in man forever, for he is flesh, but his days shall be one hundred and twenty years."
This interpretation as relating to man’s lifespan seems odd, however, in view of the fact that the text deals with God’s intent to destroy Mankind in the coming Deluge. If so, then why offer Man long life?
Subsequent statements in Genesis do not support such an arbitrary lifespan. After the Deluge, the descendants of Noah lived longer than the limit of 120 years. Shem lived to be 600, his son Arphaxad to be 483, and his son Salah to be 433, and so on, down to Abraham who died at the ripe old age of 175.Isaac then lived to be 180, and Jacob 147, and it was not until generations later with Moses, who died at 120, that the so-called prophecy appeared to come true. Furthermore, since the days of Moses there has been a steady decline in man’s lifespan until today when 80+ is considered to be the average.
Obviously, the statement in Genesis does not apply to life spans but to something else, whose meaning was omitted during the early formative years of the Old Testament. Moreover, the location of this fragment immediately before the account of the Deluge strongly suggests that it is somehow related to the universal catastrophe.
This testimony is brought out in many of the ancient religious documents. Ancient Rabbinical literature, for example, relates how Noah had been informed of the coming catastrophe 120 years before and told to exhort the people to amend their ways. In other words, the 120 years was one of probation, when Man was given the choice of avoiding destruction by changing his ways.
A similar warning is pronounced in the Slavonic Apocalypse of Enoch, also called the Second Book of Enoch, but here the warning is given to Methuselah instead of Noah, who is told to warn the people to mend their ways in view of the fact "that the destruction of the Earth draws near."
Methuselah was also informed that the Earth "will change its seasons," in anticipation of the time of destruction. Apparently, there would be severe disturbances on Earth during this interim period of 120 years.
During this interval, conditions on the Earth were unsettled and numerous disturbances anticipated the major destruction to come. The skies of the period must have been terrifying, for the solar system was playing a game of celestial ping-pong.
The Second Book of Enoch tells of a period of chaos just before the Deluge when society broke down, and when peoples and nations waged war against each other. references to such unrest is not limited to the religious documents but is also found in the Sumerian cuneiform literature.
In the Atrahasis Epic, the Babylonian account of the Deluge, Man is afflicted with plagues and other pestilence just before the disaster. Interruptions in the flow of waters from the mountains caused the Mesopotamian plains to become salty and unproductive. This reduction of fresh water allowed the Persian Gulf to back up the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. As a result the waters became brackish, and as the epic describes it,
"The fountains were stopped, so that the flood could not rise at the source. The field diminished its product. The wide-open plain brought forth salt; her bosom revolted, so that no plant came forth, no grain sprouted."
The Eden of the Bible had become a brackish desolate plain. According to the epic, living conditions had become unbearable - there was mass starvation, disease became rampant, and the survivors had to resort to cannibalism.
A dwindling food supply was not the only problem; there was one of overpopulation as well. Using the genealogy of the Book of Genesis as a source of demographics, it can be shown that there was a high population density in that area.
Assuming there were twenty children per family, a very conservative figure considering the long life of the inhabitants and the system of polygamy, and counting only ten generations from Adam to Noah, the extraordinary total of over a billion people can be deduced.
While this number may be mathematically correct, logically it represents an impossible census for the number of people existing at the time of the onset of the Deluge. More likely, it suggests that there was an extremely high mortality rate among humans.
THE OLD TESTAMENT BEGINS AT SUMER
"The most difficult and the most obscure of the sacred books, Genesis, contains as many secrets as words, and each word conceals several others."
Saint Jerome
Is there evidence in Western religious literature that corroborates the activities of the Anunnaki as it is found in the numerous myths, poems, and hymns of Mesopotamia? These Sumerian sources deal with the same events - the creation of Man, its subsequent modification into a modern man or Homo sapiens, the existence of god-kings, the coming of the Deluge, and many of the subsequent events of recorded history.
There is a large body of religious literature besides the Book of Genesis which deals with the period before the Deluge. Sources such as the three books of Enoch, the Book of Jubilees, the Gnostic teachings, the Dead Sea scrolls, the Haggadah or the oral tradition of the Jews, the Rabbinical writings, the works of Josephus, and many works of the Pseudepigrapha.
Much of what is not intelligible in these ancient religious writings is explained in part in the large library of available Sumerian, Babylonian and other cuneiform inscriptions. It will be demonstrated that the Scriptures and Sumerian literature, regarded in a historical context, and stripped of their spiritual and mythological verbiage, support and augment each other remarkably. For it is clear that Sumer was the fountainhead for the events and stories of the Old Testament and other Western religious writings.
Much as Biblical apologists have tried to avoid or cloud the issue of the origin of the Old Testament, the historical facts clearly show that its antecedents are in the valley of Mesopotamia.
The Sumerian culture, which can be traced as far back as the beginning of the Fourth Millennium BC, was the source of all the myths of Middle Eastern civilizations that followed, such as the Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian people who inherited much of the Sumerian culture. This culture was subsequently transferred to the west to the lands of Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, and Anatolia.
The actual language of the Sumerians was superseded rather early by Akkadian, a Semitic tongue. Sumerian is non-Semitic and its origins are unknown. It seems to have no affinities at all and to have suddenly appeared on Earth out of nowhere. The Akkadians and Sumerians later intermingled and eventually formed a fusion of the two languages. From this Sumerian-Akkadian milieu evolved the Semites and eventually the Hebrews or Jews. The Hebrews did not invent their language or literary forms - their culture was inherited from the older Mesopotamian and Canaanite cultures.
It should be more widely realized that when those famous Biblical figures Noah and Abraham lived, there was no such thing as a Hebrew in existence. Both the Jews and Arabs traditionally claim descendancy from Abraham who was neither Jew nor Arab but a resident of the city of Ur in Mesopotamia.
The earliest reference in the Old Testament said to show Abraham’s alleged Hebrew ancestry is an error perpetuated by mistranslation. In their eagerness to prove Hebrew antiquity, translators have incorrectly referred to Abraham as such in Genesis 14.
The context in which this reference appears is the invasion of the eastern kings into Canaan and Abraham’s reaction when his nephew Lot is taken prisoner. As the text goes,
"The invaders seized all the possessions of Sodom and Gomorrah and all their food, and departed, taking with them Lot, the son of Abram’s brother, together with his possessions; he had been living in Sodom. A fugitive brought the news to Abram the Hebrew who was camping at the terebinths of Mamre the Amorite, kinsman of Eshkol and Aner, these being the confederates of Abram."
Evidently, Abraham (Abram) was a stranger in the land at the time; he had just migrated from the city of Ur in Mesopotamia. Manifestly both he and Lot were visitors or travellers. The translation of the word "ibri" as "Hebrew" has no linguistic support. The root "br" means "to pass through or to cross." Hence, "ibri" as it appears in the text of Genesis would mean one who is passing through or a visitor. In reality, the news was brought to Abraham that his nephew, his friend and fellow-traveller, had been captured by the invaders.
[Comment: Interestingly, in the Ethiopic linguistic traditions, in some of the oldest of all modern-day civilizations, the word "bir" means "dollar bill." Since a dollar bill passes from hand to hand, or crosses from one person to another, it is easy to see how this linguistic root-word still influences even modern languages.]
The Semitic "ibri" is obviously related to the Akkadian "ibru" from whence it probably derived. In the Akkadian version of the Gilgamesh Epic, his friendEnkidu, with whom Gilgamesh shares most of his adventures, is referred to as "ibru." The Chicago Assyrian Dictionary defines it as a relationship between persons of the same code of behavior and the obligation of mutual assistance. This definition fits the situation of Abraham and Lot perfectly.
Abraham’s subsequent activities in the land of Canaan leave no doubt that he was a stranger and a visitor. For example, after his battle with the invading army he had to report to Melchizedek, the King of Salem, where he paid a tithe of ten percent of all the loot which had been recovered.
[Comment: This Melchizedek, King of Salem, is the man from whom the later Order of Melchizedek originated; and his name presumably has some sort of occult significance in the pseudonym of the modern "prophet" John Grace, more popularly known as Drunvalo Melchizedek.]
Later, when Abraham eventually settled in the land of Canaan near Gerar, it was at the sufferance of Abimelech, the Philistine king who also controlled the lands around Gerar and Beersheba. Abraham had a later confrontation at Beersheba with Abimelech, who made it clear that he was in command of the land, backing up his claim with troops led by General Phicol.
Abraham later had to purchase a plot of land in order to bury his wife Sarah; he paid 400 shekels of silver for this land, an extremely large amount of money for a small piece of land containing a cave. While this sum was abnormally high, Abraham as a foreigner was in no position to demur.
These activities of Abraham were not the actions of a native, and Abraham lived among the Canaanites with their forbearance. It was the custom if not the law of the land that a stranger or alien could not own landed property. This probably accounts for the high price that Abraham had to pay.
THE BORROWED LEGENDS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
The oldest part of the Bible, Genesis Chapters 1 through 6, which deal with the antediluvian period, was not written down in its present form much earlier than 800 BC. On the other hand, most of the Sumerian stories and legends were composed and published about 2500 BC or not long afterwards. The cuneiform tablet versions reported events that took place before the Deluge as well as activities just after the event.
[Comment: If, as I hypothesize, the Planet Nibiru were "parked" above our North Polar Axis from about 1590-690 BCE - from the time of the Exodus and the Santorini Cataclysm to the time of Sargon’s genocidal campaign and the series of "great earthquakes," as per the theories of Dr. Immanuel Velikovsky, including that entire segment of ancient history that was duplicated due to mass contemporaneous confusion and only reinterpreted in this century in the book Ages In Chaos - then this part of Genesis was written while the Nibiruans were in this vicinity to "dictate it" to their demi-god scribes.]
The uniqueness of the events of the Old Testament comes under critical scrutiny since there is nothing here that cannot be found in the ancient myths and literature of Mesopotamia and the land of Canaan. If the activities of Abraham can be dated to about 2100 BC, and his antecedents are in Mesopotamia, then all the events of the Old Testament which took place before Abraham and the Deluge must have had their origin among the indigenous people.
What is not often perceived is that the Jews had at their disposal a vast store of creation and other myths wholly unknown to us, from which they borrowed selectively. For instance, we know that the Eden of the Bible was located in the river delta region of Mesopotamia, and that the story of the creation of Adam is a Sumerian account. The story of the Ark, the Deluge and Noah came from Sumerian accounts. In fact, the story of the Deluge was not limited to the Middle East but was universally known.
There are also Ugaritic (northern Canaan) parallels to the Hebrew Bible. The story of Daniel was taken from a north Canaan poem dated as far back as 1500 BC. The Ugarit Epic of Keret deals with the capture of a bride of King Keret by a distant king. It later became the Helen of Troy motif. But more importantly, it is the source of the stories of Genesis 12 and 20 where twice Abraham had to get his wife Sarah back from the hands of other kings.
The story of Job comes from a Babylonian poem about a virtuous man named Tabu-utul-bel who was sorely afflicted for some inscrutable reason and tormented by the gods.
The story of Jonah has many origins and apparently was universal, for Hercules was swallowed by a whale at precisely the same place, Joppa. Persian legends tell of their hero Jamahyd who was devoured by a sea monster that later vomited him out safely upon the shore. A similar tale appears in India in the epic classic Samedev Bhatta where Saktedeva was swallowed by a fish and later escapes.
The story of Samson is so strange and foreign to Hebrew lore as to indicate that it was borrowed in toto from Canaanite mythology; in fact, his name is derived from Shamash, the Canaanite sun god who ruled Lebanon.
[Comment: As we know, Shamash equals Prince Utu of the Planet Nibiru, the same "god" as the Greek Sun-God Apollo. Prince Utu was in charge of the Sinai Spaceport and its satellite airport at Baalbek, Lebanon, under the command of Nibiruan Airfleet Commander Princess-Royal Inanna, the sister and secret lover of Prince Utu. See Lord Hellespontiacus.]
There are so many parallels that there is no question of contemporary borrowing by the Hebrews. How then did this influence penetrate the Bible so completely?
Sometime during the Second Millennium BC, the Babylonian script, language, and literature permeated the lands west of Mesopotamia. Babylonian had become the diplomatic language of the Middle East so that correspondence between princes of Syria, Phoenicia, and Palestine with their Egyptian overlords were carried out in Babylonia.
[Comment: This statement is corroborated by the research of Dr. Velikovsky. One might think of Babylonian as the "English of the Ancient World."]
Therefore, in order to learn the writing and language of the Babylonians, it is necessary for these peoples to study their literature and for this purpose texts were required. Among the tablets discovered at Tel-Amarna in Egypt were copies, in the form of school exercises, of the Babylonian stories of Ereshkigal, the Queen of the Underworld, and the story of Adapa, the mortal who was misled into refusing the food and water of immortality. So it is not unreasonable to assume that many of the Sumerians and Babylonian traditions, such as the stories of Creation and the Deluge, were known also to the Hebrews, or at least to their leaders.
When he left Ur in the valley of Mesopotamia, Abraham presumably brought these Sumerian traditions with him. His father Terah was a high priest in the government of Ur and would certainly have had an intimate knowledge of Sumerian culture.
It is therefore manifest that Sumerian tales of the gods of heaven and earth, the creation of Man, and the Deluge were the fountainhead from which nations of the ancient world drew their knowledge and beliefs.
THE "INVISIBLE" BIBLE
It is now generally accepted that the Old Testament is a condensed version of events that happened in Man’s early history. It is also evident that the Bible is the result of a long process of selection, and for that reason excludes a large amount of sacred texts and other ancient writings.
Many Christian texts or "Apocrypha" and Jewish texts called "Pseudepigrapha" were left out largely due to the fierce political and religious rivalry in early days between sects, between Jews, Christians, and Gnostics. In fact, the Pseudepigrapha was completely lost from the transmitted heritage, documents that stem from 200 BC to AD 200.
The term Pseudepigrapha has evolved from the Greek meaning "writings with false superscriptions," but the term is used today by scholars, not because it denotes something spurious, but rather because the term has been inherited and is now universally used.
What was retained in books of the Old Testament after centuries of emendation by the priesthood was a highly introspective version of the vast amount of literature available. Manuscripts such as the three books of Enoch, the Book of Jubilees and others tell a different story of the Creation, of Adam and Eve, and the activities of the antediluvian Patriarchs. These "lost" books of the Bible explain many of the puzzles and inconsistencies of the Old Testament.
The Gnostic literature was completely left out of the Scriptures. Being serious rivals to the early Christians, the Gnostics were harassed and utterly defeated and their literature was consigned to oblivion.
In the early Christian church the most systematic and organized Gnostic cult was Manichaeism, which spread from Mesopotamia through Asia Minor to North Africa and the European territories of the Roman Empire. In the first four centuries, Gnosticism was so popular that it posed a serious challenge to the early Christian church.
In the Second Century, Valentinus, a major Gnostic Thinker, sought selection as Pope in Rome and almost succeeded. This marked the high point of Gnosticism. Had he not been defeated, one wonder what that major influence St. Augustine, born a Manichaean, would have later done and probably changed the course of history of the Catholic Church.
As a result, Gnostic texts disappeared or were left uncopied, which achieved the same end. Until recently all that was available of Gnostic literature were the refutations to the Gnostics by the early Christian fathers. Then in 1945, extensive Gnostic treatises were found in earthenware jars in Egypt at a small town called Nag Hammadi. The find was as significant to Biblical research as that of the Dead Sea scrolls to Palestine.
It is in the Gnostic tracts that the existence of the serpent-gods is clearly indicated. It is Eve who gave life to Adam, and the serpent in the garden is a noble and virtuous creature. It is easy to see why the Manichaeans were persecuted so avidly. Even so, as a religion it persisted in Europe as late as the Thirteenth Century.
The Albigensians in southern France were the last stronghold of the Manichaeans; however, they were exterminated by Pope Innocent III who organized a military crusade against them. It was then that the Inquisition came into being with the main mission to crush the remnants of the Gnostic heresies.
Thus, as more and more ancient sources are found, it is abundantly clear that an enormous amount of information from ancient sources has been omittedfrom the Old Testament. Analysis of these sources provides us with insight into the stories of the Book of Genesis, and in particular the period before the Deluge which is covered by only six short chapters of the book. These ancient documents describe, although camouflaged in religious and symbolic terms, the organization and operation of the Sumerian gods and their activities here on Earth.
THE PLURAL GODS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
It is generally agreed that two traditions make up the books of the Old Testament,
the older or Elohist tradition which refers to the deity in generic terms,
and the Priestly tradition where the deity is called Yahweh, often called Jehovah, somewhat erroneously, due to a mistranslation from the Greek Septuagint.
The two main streams are intertwined throughout the Old Testament and sometimes exist side-by-side as, for example, in Genesis where there are two versions of the Creation.
The deity is called "El" (plural "Elohim") some of the time and "Yahweh" the rest of the time. Biblical scholars agree that the usage of Yahweh appears to be an anachronism and may have been inserted at later times.
Hebrew "Elohim" is grammatically a plural form and is often translated as "God" at times but also "Gods" or "divine beings" at other times, mainly because the text is often ambiguous. Generally, the name for the deity is "El" which appears to be the generic term for the deity in western Semitic as well as Biblical Hebrew. It apparently was borrowed from the pantheon of indigenous people of the land of Canaan. Who then was this El who was the supreme deity of the Canaanites?
[Comment: This "El" later became the Islamic "Allah."]
As the ruling god of the Western Semitic pantheon, the leading Sumerian deity Enlil was transcribed syllabically as "ilulu," then became "ili" in Akkadian or Semitic, and later "el" in Hebrew. El thus became the name for Enlil, the supreme being in Palestine and carried over into the Old Testament.
[Comment: Why Sitchin couldn’t see this simple fact is beyond belief. I’m not anti-Jewish, but I will say that there are a lot of Jewish people in the publishing industry in New York City; and probably Sitchin was forced into the position he takes in the final chapter of Divine Encounters just to sell more books to his own people.]
While the rest of the world believed in many gods, the compilers and editors of the Old Testament tried to proclaim a faith in a sole god. In spite of these monotheistic attempts, however, there remain many instances where the Biblical narrative falls into the plural form of El or Elohim. In Genesis, or example, when the notion to create Adam is brought up, the words used are all plural: " And Elohim (plural) said: ’Let us create man in our image and after our likeness.’"
[Comment: One thing everybody seems to forget when talking about the monotheistic traditions of the Jews, Christians and Moslems is that that whole philosophy originated with the Hebrews as a rebellion against the polytheistic tradition of the Greeks. The ancient Hebrews did everything they could to distance themselves from the Greek traditions. This was as much a sociopolitical or cultural matter as it was a religious one. Also, in the book The Stellar Man by John Baines it is stated that the Hebraic monotheistic tradition only arose at the time of Moses when the idea of a single God had to be invented by the Hebrew priests to cover the blunder that Moses made when bargaining with the Archons of Destiny.]
Later, in the garden of Eden, when the serpent is tempting Eve, he says:
"You are not going to die. No, the gods (Elohim) will know that the moment you eat it your eyes will be opened and you will be the same as the gods (Elohim) in telling good from bad."
Again later, after the Fall, the deity complains,
"Now that man has become like us (plural) discerning good from bad."
In other cases, the deity often addressed remarks aside as if to other members of the celestial staff. Even after the Deluge, when man was trying to erect a tower in Babel, the deity remarked to an associate,
"Let us, then, go down and confound their speech."
Therefore, notwithstanding attempts by early editors to proclaim a policy of monotheism, evidence of a pantheon has not been completely erased from the text of the Old Testament.
THE PROBLEM OF THE USAGE OF YAHWEH
According to the Book of Exodus the appellation Yahweh did not come into use until the time of Moses, for Moses is told by the deity that,
"I am Yahweh, I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as El Shaddai, but I did not make myself known to them by my name Yahweh."
Scholars agree that the name Yahweh was a later addition by priestly scribes. The tetragram YHWH or Yahweh became the distinctive personal name for the god of Israel and is used most frequently throughout the Old Testament to represent the deity.
[Comment: Once again you are referred to The Stellar Man by John Baines for additional details.]
The origin of Yahweh is unknown; and while many explanations for its meaning have been proposed, the most logical seems to be that the divine name is a form of the verb "to be" or HWH, thus meaning "the one who is." This is manifest in Exodus 3 where Moses queries the Lord on his real name so that he can inform the tribes of Israel who wish to know what to call their god:
"God said to Moses, ’I am who I am,’ and he said, ’Say this to the people of Israel: "I am" has been sent to you.’"
This verse has given scholars all kinds of problems, and it is footnoted in most translations of the Bible with the caveat that it can also mean "I am what I am" or "I will be what I will be." Its ambiguity is probably due to the fact that it is a liturgical epithet. It means exactly what it says: "I am the one who is or who exists."
In ancient times, divine names were held to have intrinsic power in themselves and certain appellations could only be used by the priesthood. In the Sumerian and Babylonian pantheon only descriptive names are used. The true names of the gods are not known.
Yahweh or "the one who is" is probably an attempt by Hebrew priests to substitute an innocuous name for that of the deity, thereby defusing any possible harmful consequences. This is also found in the Rabbinical tradition where the name Yahweh holds certain powers, and in ancient times only a few priests were allowed to pronounce the name.
[Comment: According to the secret Hermetic traditions that were recently released to the general public via the works of John Baines, to utter the name of Yahweh aloud would be to invoke the name of the Archon who played the dirty trick on Moses. Uttering this name aloud only further empowers this Archon.]
EL SHADDAI, THE FEARFUL AND TERRIBLE GOD
As we have seen, in addressing Moses, the deity informed him that he had appeared to his ancestors as El Shaddai. This El Shaddai name appears in Genesis no less than six times and is considered to be the descriptive title for the god of the Hebrews.
The Hebrew root "shadad" from which it is believed to be derived means "to overpower," "to treat with violence," or "to lay waste." These meanings give the deity a fearful character, that of devastator or destroyer. It is partly for this reason that the god of the Hebrews is known as an uncompromising and vindictive god.
Shaddai may also be connected linguistically to the Assyrian word "shadu" or mountain. In actuality, both of these meanings can be applied to the Hebrew God El Shaddai, for he is none other than the God of Lightning and Thunder of the Hittites, a northwestern version of the Sumerian god Ishkur and the Semitic Adad. He was the Anatolian mountain god and is often depicted with thunderbolts in hand.
[Comment: He is thus the Zeus of the Greeks.]
After the Deluge, when the Anunnaki redescended to rebuild the cities of Mesopotamia, the lands known as "the fertile crescent" were divided among the children of Enlil. Nannar/Sin was given authority over all of Mesopotamia and the Western Lands, except for Anatolia which was assigned to Ishkur/Adad and Lebanon which was allotted to Utu/Shamash. The goddess Inanna/Ishtar moved her base of operations to Lebanon and ruled there with Shamash.
The pantheon of the Levant consisted of three major deities after the Deluge: Adad, Shamash, and Ishtar. From Anatolia, the land of the Hittites, Adad extended his influence as far south as Jerusalem. This is illustrated in Ezekiel 16 where the origins of Jerusalem are found in the statement "your father was an Amorite, and your mother a Hittite."
THE LESSER GODS: THE NEFILIM AND THE ANGELS
[Comment: I take issue with this statement. I feel that the Nefilim were the Higher Gods and the Anunnaki, the Lesser Gods.]
Not only does the Old Testament suggest that there were many deities but these lesser gods seem to have descended to Earth to interfere in the affairs of Man. This is explicit in Genesis 6 which states:
"Now when man began to increase on Earth and daughters were born to them, the divine beings (Elohim) saw how beautiful were the human daughters and took as their wives any of them they likes. . . . It was then that the Nefilim appeared on Earth, as well as later, after the divine beings had united with human daughters to whom they bore children."
[Comment: In the Ethiopic renditions of the Scriptures, if my memory serves me correctly, these "Nefilim" are thought of as "Sky People."]
The Biblical term for these lesser deities seems to have been Nefilim. Is the descent of the Nefilim reflected in the literature of Mesopotamia? Could they be the Anunnaki who also descended to Earth in the antediluvian period? We shall see that these were different names for the same group of people.
The term "Nefilim" has given theologians and translators problems over the centuries, so much so that today it is the policy to leave the term intact in modern translations. "Nefilim" is derived from the Hebrew NFL, literally "the fallen ones" or better still "those who dropped down." It has been interpreted to mean "fallen angels" in the sense of those who were cast down, or the evil angels, although the text does not justify this conclusion.
The Noted Jewish Biblical commentator of the 19th Century, Malbim, claimed that in ancient times the rulers of countries in the Middle East were the sons of deities who arrived on Earth from the heavens. He maintains that they were the sons of pagan deities and called themselves Nefilim.
Genesis asserts that they came down to Earth in two groups: "It was then that the Nefilim appeared on Earth, as well as later." The descent of the two separate groups of Nefilim or "angels" down to Mount Harmon in northern Palestine is reported in the Book of Jubilees. A group descended in the days of Jared in the 10th Jubilee; later in the 25th Jubilee, during the days of Noah, another group came down to Earth. Since a Jubilee years is 50 regular years, this source claims that they descended to Earth about 750 years apart.
In the Enuma Elish, the Babylonian account of the Creation, there is a group of Anunnaki who also descended to populate the Earth. These divine beings also intermarried with the daughters of Man.
The so-called angels of the Old Testament have become a general term to describe lesser deities who have been quite active in the affairs of Man. In Biblical Hebrew the word often used is "malakh"; however, other terms such as "bene elohim" or sons of god are often translated as angels. It has been used as a cover term for any of the lesser deities coming in contact with Mankind.
These messengers got around very easily by some sort of flying device; hence, the representation of angels with wings, a symbol of their ability to fly. This was the only way the ancients knew how to convey this fact. The incident of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah illustrates the ability of these angels to fly about at will.
As events unfold in Genesis 18 and 19, several angels were briefing Abraham on the coming destruction of the cities. The traditional translation states that when they decide to visit Sodom, they "set out from there and faced Sodom." The distinguished Biblical scholar E. A. Speiser in his work Genesis suggests that this translation is erroneous and that it could be more accurately rendered as "they looked down upon the face of Sodom." This reading, of course, gives a completely different meaning to the incident.
[Comment: You can tell that Boulay worked for the U.S. Government when he makes such casual statements as the "angels were briefing Abraham."]
Later, after the angels take Lot and his family to safety outside the city, the traditional text states "led him safely outside the city." Again, Speiser suggests an alternate translation of "brought them out and deposited them outside the city."
Thus, the revised text makes it quite clear that the angels first reconnoitered the cities by air; then seeing the necessity to rescue the relatives of Abraham, removed them by some sort of aircraft and deposited them outside at a safe place.
THE DENIZENS OF EDEN: THE LEGGED SNAKES OR REPTILES
According to Genesis and other documents, and long before humans ever existed, the serpent (we shall call him that for want of a better word, for he is obviously a lizard) lived in the garden of Eden and did all the necessary work to maintain it.
This Biblical serpent was not just a lowly snake. He could converse with Eve, he knew the truth about the Tree of Knowledge, and he was of such stature that he unhesitatingly challenged the deity. Additional information of this creature is available from other sources.
Ancient Jewish legends describe the serpent of Eden as manlike - he looked like a man and talked like a man. This is further elaborated on in the Haggadah, that vast reservoir of stories and legends which form the oral tradition of the Jews.
The section that deals with the Creation describes the serpent who inhabited the garden before the creation of Adam as an upright creature that stood on two feet and who was equal in height to the camel. He is given many excellent qualities and mental abilities which are superior to that of Man. In fact, the Haggadah states that it was his superior mental ability that led to the ruin of Man as well as his own.
The task of the serpent, according to this source, included supplying the deity with gold, silver, gems, and pearls, an obviously mundane commercial task for a group of supposedly spiritual beings. It is noteworthy that again we have that preoccupation with gems, as in Genesis which describes the products of Eden:
"The gold of that land is choice; there is bdellium and lapis lazuli."
Preceding Man and then later cohabiting the garden of Eden with him, the serpent was manlike in many ways. He was tall and stood upright on two legs. He did all the work of the gods, particularly the mining and agricultural work. And above all, the serpent had an intellect superior to Man. These are all the attributes of the Anunnaki.
The term "serpent," as applied to this creature, raises many problems. It could best be described as a large lizard or reptile in modern-day terms. The ancients may have given a different meaning to the word serpent which today we define as a legless reptile.
In this respect, the problems are due to giving modern meaning to the translation of the ancient word. For example, ancient or classical Greek had no word for serpent, per se. The word "drakon" was applied to serpents as well as other fabulous snake-like creatures. In fact, compound words based on snake or serpent were variations of "drakon"; for example, the word for snaky or twisting like a road was "drakonforos." "Drakonktonia" meant the slaying of a snake or serpent.
In the Septuagint, the pre-Christian Greek version of the Hebrew Scriptures, the word "drakon" is used to denote snakes, large reptiles, and other large terrible or ferocious creatures.
In this way, the confusion of dragon and serpent led to mythological creatures who were winged, legged, and fire-breathing. The serpents of the ancient world were later represented as large lizard-like animals with wings to denote their ability to fly about - a metaphor for some sort of aircraft. Their ability to defend themselves by flame-throwing devices or perhaps their dangerous rocket exhaust was transformed into the mythological appearance of a fire-breathing dragon.
It is against this background that Man is interjected into the antediluvian civilization of the serpent-gods. The Sumerian cuneiform tablets are more specific in this matter. The Anunnaki or children of the serpent-gods tire of their burden of performing all the distasteful tasks of mining and agriculture and appeal to the chief god to alleviate their suffering. It is here that Man enters upon the scene.
"I shall establish a savage. Man will be his name. Verily, savage-man I shall create. He will be charged with the service of the Gods, that they might be at ease."
Sumerian Creation Epic
One of the oldest fragments of Sumerian mythology describes conditions on Earth as the alien astronauts or Anunnaki arrived and before they had descended to build the cities of Mesopotamia. It tells of a time when the face of the sun and the moon could not be seen, when the Earth’s surface was watered profusely and the clouds descended down to the Earth’s surface. It was then, as the tablet states, that "the reptiles verily descend."
[Comment: If, as Sitchin postulates, the Planet Earth/Tiamat was located farther out from the Sun at the time of Nibiru’s arrival in this system, in what is referred to today as "the asteroid belt," and if only later following the collision of Nibiru’s moonlet with what is today known as the Pacific Ocean, then this could well be a description of climatological conditions on that "original Earth."]
In the epics of Mesopotamia, Man’s creation was secondary and even incidental to the creation of the universe and to the colonization of this planet by the alien visitors. After the astronauts had landed, the recovery of the swamps and the building of the cities commenced under the leadership of Enki. All the cities built had a specific purpose, seemingly to support the mining operations which culminated in the metal-processing center at Badtibira. The building of the cities, the constant repairing and rebuilding of the canals and dikes, the mining operations, all required considerable effort on the part of the sons of An.
It is with this background that Man arrives upon the scene. Man’s creation was conceived and executed not as an end in itself or as a natural development of the civilization of Mesopotamia. Rather, man was created as an expedient to satisfy a group of discontented aliens. Man’s purpose was to serve the gods; he was made to ease the burden of the gods and to assume the laborious and distasteful tasks being performed by the increasingly unhappy and rebellious Anunnaki. Man was meant to be the breadwinner, the laborer, and the caretaker of the gods.
The Scriptures speak of the work done in the garden of Eden before Man was created. It was the serpent who performed all the work that later Man had to do. Besides the farming, the serpent-gods also mined the minerals as they "supplied Elohim with silver, gold, gems, and pearls," thereby revealing one of the main activities of the serpent-gods before the advent of Man.
EARLY ATTEMPTS TO CREATE A PRIMITIVE MAN
The difficulties of their children below did not go unheeded by the gods in the orbiting space ship. Earlier vegetation was so luxuriant that they did not have to produce much of their food, and they literally lived off the land. With the change in climate and environment, they now had to grow much of their own food. At this they were not very proficient.
One of the Sumerian myths, The Dispute Between Cattle and Grain, describes the early attempts to ease the suffering of the Anunnaki. As the poem relates, the sons of An did not know how to grow grain, to bake bread, nor to make garments. They ate plants from the field like the animals and drank water from the ditch. [Comment: If this is true, can you believe it?] As long as vegetation was abundant, they had no problem feeding themselves; but as the land began to dry out and numbers increased, they had to look to other means of gaining sustenance. It was necessary for them to grow their own food.
This myth describes attempts in the "Creation Chamber" of the space ship to devise means to provide them with grain and meat. Two goddesses are created to teach them methods of growing their own food and of raising animals - Lahar, the Cattle Goddess, and Ashnan, the Grain Goddess.
These goddesses tried to teach the Anunnaki the arts of agriculture and animal husbandry, but with no success. Then realizing that this experiment was a total failure, the gods in council decided to take a drastic step - to create a primitive worker. Thus, for the sake of the welfare of the Anunnaki, "Man was given breath."
This myth seems to relate to a later period of the Anunnaki, about 100,000 years ago when the lands no longer supported the huge vegetarian reptiles and the desiccation of the land had brought the evolution of the meat-eating dinosaurs and large mammals. The myth indicates that the Anunnaki were now meat-eaters by requiring the introduction of animal husbandry.
Thus, the gods assembled in the heavens decided that the best way to alleviate the suffering of their children on Earth was to produce a new creature. The chief god An decreed that a savage be created, and "Man shall be his name." It would be charged with the service of the gods so that they might have their rest. Since the previous experiments in the space ship did not turn out successfully, it was decided to commission Enki, working with the Chief Nurse Ninkhursag, to produce a primitive being. This new creation, called a "lulu" by the Anunnaki, was to be the first primitive man.
Enki and Ninkhursag conducted a number of experiments in the Abzu, Enki’s floating laboratory near Eridu, all aimed at the creation of a primitive worker. In one of these myths the creation of imperfect types is described.
Ninkhursag fashioned sex different varieties of individuals from "clay," but these all turned out to be abnormal and were utter failures. The best of these was described as being weak and feeble in body and spirit. She gave the creature bread to eat, but he refused it. It could neither sit, nor stand, nor bend its knees. They eventually gave up and decided that this creature was a complete failure. Finally, after much trial and error, Enki and Ninkhursag found a working formula.
SUCCESSFUL CREATION OF THE APEMAN-REPTILE HYBRID
At first there was much trial and error. Finally a successful method was found. Using a group of primitive female animals, presumably the apewomen, the eggs were fertilized by young astronauts, then extracted and reimplanted into the wombs of fourteen birth goddesses.
This procedure is described in the Atrahasis Epic, which deals with the creation of Man. The story discloses that "fourteen wombs were gathered together," impregnated with the "essence" of the gods, and as a result, seven males and seven females were created.
While the process was successful in producing a viable primitive being, it had one major drawback as shown by subsequent events - the creatures produced were clones and could not reproduce themselves. The fact that both sexes were produced, seven males and seven females, suggests that the intent had been to make them capable of reproduction. For some unknown biological reason the process failed in this.
In this manner, primitive man or Adam was created, a combination mammal-reptile hybrid. The procedure used by the Sumerians is reflected in Genesis where it states that the image of God was imposed on the "clay," the basic genetic material just as in the Sumerian tablets. God’s essence is mixed with the malleable clay of the earth - the apeman. In the cuneiform accounts, the clay is mixed with the essence of the gods and upon this creation they "bind upon it the image of the gods." In both cases, it should be observed that Man is created in the image of his god.
The question arises, therefore, where did this genetic material come from that produced the mammal characteristics for a hybrid?
Neanderthal Man had been on the scene for hundreds of thousands of years as the result of a slow process of evolution. It was presumably this apeman that was used in the experiments of the Anunnaki. This apeman is described vividly in the Gilgamesh Epic as the wild man who is "converted" into a civilized being to then become the companion of Gilgamesh in his many adventures.
Called Enkidu, he is a wild creature that feeds on grass and lives among the animals. In the epic, an unhappy hunter complains to Gilgamesh who is then king of the city of Uruk. Gilgamesh is told that this creature wears no clothes, and he is covered with hair. He is intelligent enough to fill in the pits which the hunter had dug to catch wild animals. This wild man also frees the game from the traps. He lives with the animals, runs with the gazelles, and shares their drinking places.
This wild creature is presumably the Neanderthal that is mated with the reptilian Anunnaki. From this combination it was hoped to produce a hybrid that was more adapted to the changing environment. The desiccation of the Earth and the changes it was bringing to the flora and fauna made it necessary to produce a primitive worker.
The Adam of the Bible was not the Homo sapiens of today. He was what one might call "Homo saurus," a hybrid mammal-saurian creature that was to become our ancestor and the first step in the creation of modern man. In just a few years, Man had taken a quantum jump in evolution. He had suddenly evolved from the wild apeman to a hybrid that would become a new species known as Cro-Magnon Man.
The hybrid that was created probably looked reptilian since he was created in the image of his gods. Genesis is very specific about this, for it states, "then God said ’I will make man in my image, after my likeness.’" Adam was thus created in both the image or "selem" and likeness or "dmut" of his creator. The use of both terms in the Biblical text was meant to leave no doubt that Man was similar in appearance to the gods. It is this likeness, or lack of it as we shall see, that is at the root of many of the admonitions of the Bible and the Sumerian literature.
Later, as Man intermarried with his species, the reptile strain deteriorated, and he became more mammal-like and less and less reptilian in appearance. The mammal genes dominated the reptilian genes, and Man became more "human" and less god-like. It explains man’s "sinful" nature and his "fall" from grace. Original sin was man’s deviation from the basic original reptilian or godly pattern. It also explains why man was forbidden to make any likeness of his gods.
Through biological manipulation, the Anunnaki or Nefilim took an existing apeman and gave it part of their divinity, their saurian blood. Some of the Scriptures confirm the fact that biological experiments were conducted on Earth and that some of these got out of hand. These experiments seem to have been done routinely by the Nefilim, who not only possessed advanced technical means in transportation and communications, but in the biological sciences as well.
[Comment: John Baines, in the recently revealed secret Hermetic knowledge of The Stellar Man, states that these Nefilim petitioned the "higher gods" to be granted the status of "creator gods" themselves. There was much argument among the higher creator gods about whether to allow the Nefilim to have this ability. Eventually after much dissent and argument, they were given these powers; but they remain on the lowest rank of all the "creator gods" of the Universe. We Cro-Magnons are their first product. They are charged by Universal Law to "take care of us."]
In the First Book of Enoch, the crimes of the Nefilim on Earth before the Deluge are disclosed in detail. Dated to the Second Century BC, this book had lost its importance in the Western Church by the Fourth Century AD, and only in the Ethiopic Church is it still considered canonical. Originally in Hebrew and Aramaic, it was translated into Greek and and then into Ethiopic where it was preserved and not found again by Europeans until the 18th Century. It is the oldest of the three pseudepigraphic books attributed to Enoch and parts of it have been found in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
According to the First Book of Enoch, the Nefilim were given the mission of bringing the beneficial arts and crafts to Mankind. But what started out as a laudatory endeavor soon turned sour.
The Nefilim began to teach man the martial arts, the "making of swords, knives, shields, and breastplates." They also taught man the forbidden sciences of "incantation, alchemy, and astrology." But the worst of the crimes they were accused of was that of toying with genetics, that of "changing man into a horse of mule, or vice versa, or transferring an embryo from one womb to another." This practice of re-implanting an embryo into another womb is quite similar to the activities described in the Sumerian creation epic. It appears that the Nefilim or Anunnaki were well acquainted with genetic manipulation and selective breeding.
HOMO-SAURUS, THE PRIMITIVE MAN OF EDEN
Genesis makes the point repeatedly that before the Fall, man was naked while he occupied the garden of Eden. It was not until he ate of the forbidden fruit that he realized that he was naked and put on clothing. Other ancient religious sources substantiate this condition of Man, but they also reveal the reason why he was naked.
According to the Haggadah, the bodies of Adam and Eve "had been overlaid with a horny skin," and moreover, of Adam it was said that "it was as bright as daylight and covered his body like a luminous garment." Adam thus had the outward appearance of a reptile, with its scaly and shiny skin. It was for this reason that Adam and Eve did not wear nor did they need clothing for protection or for comfort.
The Book of Genesis also makes it clear that Adam did not sweat in the garden of Eden before the Fall. That was his punishment for eating the forbidden fruit, for he was told "by the sweat of your face shall you earn your bread." Adam did not sweat before the Fall for the simple reason that sweating is characteristic of mammals and not reptiles.
As long as they remained in the garden of Eden, Adam and Eve did not propagate. The Sumerian tablets explain why - because they were "mules" and could not reproduce their own kind. The incident which the Bible refers to as the "Fall of Man" was his acquiring the ability to procreate by taking on many of the traits of mammals. It is explicit in Eve’s punishment that she is to bear the pangs of live birth like a mammal.
The final genetic change was done by Enki. It was unauthorized and caused much dissension among the gods and remained an issue festering between Enlil and Enki. Enki is remembered as the Creator, the defender, and the benefactor of Mankind. Enlil despised Mankind as an abomination and a deterioration of the saurian strain. He is remembered as a cruel and vindictive god and the one who brought on the Deluge.
Primitive man or Homo saurus was placed in the garden of Eden to grow food; for as Genesis says, "The Lord planted a garden in Eden, in the East, and placed there the man whom he had formed." Since Man was created in Enki’s Abzu at his headquarters city of Eridu, and it being in the westernmost part of the Mesopotamian plain between the two rivers, it would appear that the fertile area east of Eridu would be the garden of Eden. Coincidentally, the Sumerians called this area E-DIN or "the home of the righteous ones."
According to Jubilees, Adam and Eve were placed in the garden of Eden to till and reap it. "He protected the garden from birds, beasts, and cattle, and gathered fruit and food." The duties of Adam are described in similar terms in one of the Babylonian versions of the creation of Man: it was his duty to maintain the canals and water courses and to raise plants in abundance in order to fill the granaries of the Anunnaki.
Until the event known cryptically as the Fall of Man, primitive man cohabitated the garden of Eden with the serpent-gods, and together they did all the necessary work. This work force, apparently, was not sufficient to do the essential work and a modification was needed to make the Homo saurus more efficient. In order to provide for a larger work force, it was decided to provide the Adam or "lulu" with a reproductive capacity.
THE FALL OF MAN OR THE CREATION OF HOMO SAPIENS
The event which Biblical scholars refer to as the Fall of Man begins with Adam and Eve who have been placed in the garden of Eden by the deity to till and to tend it. Among the many delightful things to eat were the fruit from the two trees in the middle of the garden: "the tree of life and the tree of knowledge of good and bad." Adam and Eve are told,
"You are free to eat of any tree of the garden, except only the tree of knowledge of good and bad, of which you are not to eat. For the moment you eat it, you shall be doomed to death."
Then the Scriptures add laconically "the two of them were naked, the man and his wife, yet they felt no shame." Later, when they ate of the forbidden fruit, the immediate and only result was that "then the eyes of both were opened and they discovered that they were naked."
One wonders why all this emphasis is placed on nakedness. It is as if the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the garden was a dramatic way to explain how mankind came to wear clothes. It is obvious that the wearing of clothes was merely a manifestation of something else, the acquisition of "knowing" or knowledge.
The Hebrew stem "YD" that is used throughout Genesis means not only "to know" but more specifically "to experience." As applied to connubial relations, the stem "YD" means to know sexually, that is, to have sexual relations. In fact, it is applied not only to normal marital relations but also to clandestine conduct, even to homosexuality, and to sex among animals.
Thus, by achieving "knowledge," man acquired some sort of sexual fortitude or prowess. The knowledge that was withheld from man was of a more profound and serious nature than just being aware of his nudity. It was something good for man, but something which the creators did not want him to have. As long as Adam and Eve lacked it, they lived in the garden of Eden without offspring. Having obtained it, Eve was condemned to suffer the pangs of childbirth.
The tale of Adam and Eve is the story of a crucial step in Man’s evolution: the acquiring of the ability to procreate like a mammal. In achieving this, however, Man had to forfeit some of his saurian heritage, his co-called divinity.
MAN LOSES HIS SAURIAN APPEARANCE AND HIS DIVINITY
Genesis sketchily describes the physiological changes that resulted from the punishment of Adam and Eve. As their chastisement, Eve will have to suffer the pain of child-bearing while Adam will have to earn his bread by the sweat of his brow. Logically, it would appear that heretofore Eve did not produce live young, nor did Adam sweat.
[Comment: In connection with this entire discussion by Boulay, you are referred for more detail to the following: Nibiruan Physiology.]
Other religious sources reveal some of the changes that were brought about by this momentous event. In the section on the Creation of the World, the Haggadah explains what happened in the garden after the pair partook of the forbidden fruit:
"The first result was that Adam and Eve became naked. Before, their bodies had been overlaid with a horny skin and enveloped with the cloud of glory. No sooner had they violated the command given them than the cloud of glory and the horny skin dropped from them, and they stood there in their nakedness and ashamed."
It is clear here that their nakedness had to do with losing their "horny skin" and their "cloud of glory."
Similar descriptions are found in the old Rabbinical legends. Describing Man before the Fall, it was said that,
"his skin was as bright as daylight and covered his body like a luminous garment."
Later, when Eve ate of the apple, the immediate result according to these sources, was that "at that moment all the adornments God had given Adam’s bride fell away from her, and she saw that she was naked."
This luminous and bright skin was their "cloud of glory." Other legends state that the change brought about by the Fall was that "the brightness of his skin, which had covered him like a garment, disappeared."
The nakedness that is emphasized so much in the ancient documents is related in some way to some sort of protective outer skin that was luminous and shining, the so-called cloud of glory. Man’s nakedness was in losing this protective horny hide or skin or, in other words, his reptilian or divine appearance. Henceforth, Man would have to wear clothing to protect his vulnerable mammal skin. Man would now begin to sweat as a mammal, a physiological function not intrinsic to reptiles.
MAN CREATED IN THE IMAGE OF THE REPTILE GODS
The Book of Genesis makes it abundantly clear that Man was originally created in the image of his god:
"And God created man in his image: in the divine image created he him, Man and Female created he them."
Since Adam of Genesis and the "lulu" of the Sumerians were created in the image of the serpent-god, shouldn’t traces of this fact be found in some of the ancient Scriptures? Indeed, it is reported in the Gnostic version of the Creation of Man. One tract describes Eve’s reaction in the garden of Eden:
"She looked at the tree. And she saw that it was beautiful and magnificent, and she desired it. She took some of its fruit and ate, and she gave to her husband also, and he ate, too. Then their minds opened. For when they ate, the light of knowledge shone upon them. When they put on shame, they knew that they were naked with regard to knowledge. When they sobered up, they saw that they were naked; and they became enamored of one another. When they saw their makers, they loathed them since they were beastly forms. They understood very much." (emphasis added)
Thus, a fitting description of Adam and Eve and their creators would be as follows:
They had a scaly or horny hide; this hide was shiny and luminous as is seen in some reptiles; they did not sweat which is the province of mammals; they did not wear clothes since they were unnecessary; they had a pale green skin or hide.
The evidence for the color of their skin is found in the Haggadah which describes how Adam was created from dust taken from the four corners of the world.
"The dust was of various colors - red, black, white, and green. Red was for the blood, black for the bowels, white for the bones, and green for the pale skin."
Had Adam been a Homo sapiens, the color of dust used for the skin presumably would have been pink or brown.
Homo saurus or reptile-man was probably much larger and taller than modern man. Many of the ancient sources refer to him as having the stature of a giant before the incident in Eden. For example, Rabbinical records disclose that "Adam, who had been a giant, diminished in stature to the size of an ordinary man."
The antediluvian Patriarchs and the Sumerian kings were part saurian, were apparently very large men and stood out physically among the hordes of mankind. The Rephaim, the descendants of the Nefilim who lived after the Deluge, were also giants; and like the antediluvians, their span of life seems to have diminished as the saurian blood became more and more diluted with time.
MAN FORFEITS LONG LIFE TO BECOME A MAMMAL
While there were two trees in the garden, only the tree of knowledge was taboo. Apparently, Man had access to the tree of life or immortality since it was not forbidden to him. Now that he had achieved the ability to procreate, the Biblical deity worried that he could also partake of the tree of life and thereby achieve immortality:
"What if he should stretch out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever? So the Lord God banished him from the garden of Eden, to till the soil from which he was taken. He drove the man out and stationed east of the garden of Eden the cherubim and the fiery ever-turning sword, to guard the way to the tree of life."
According to the Scriptures, there was no turning back for Man. He had now taken the decisive step and achieved "knowledge" and could start the mammal race known as Mankind or Homo sapiens. In obtaining this, however, he had to give up long life or immortality. The two were mutually exclusive as indicated in the Book of Genesis. Man could have retained his divine form and long life but remain a mule at best, a sort of limited Homo saurus.
Seeing that Man now required clothing for protection against the elements, an apparently sympathetic deity "made shirts of skins for the man and his wife, and clothed them." This generous deity, however, probably had other reasons in mind, for as the Haggadah reveals, the clothes were made of skins sloughed off by the serpents.
[Comment: According to John Baines in The Stellar Man, any race of Creator Gods, such as these Saurians, are responsible under Galactic Law to see to the well-being of the creatures that they may choose to design and bring to life. Therefore, it was required procedure for these Nibiruan Saurians to create a new "outer skin" known subsequently as "clothing" for the Adamu and Eva and all their subsequent descendants. These Nibiruan Saurians had no other choice.]
Was this done to remind Man of his serpent origins? It was an ironic way of impressing on man’s memory that he originated as a saurian and that he existed at the tolerance of the serpent-gods. This theme reoccurs time and time again in the later relations of Man with his saurian gods and was formalized in the ritual of circumcision.
[Comment: which was undoubtedly a socio-political and cultural rebellion against the covered male genitalia of the reptiles, as well as later on against the practices of the Ancient Greeks, whose culture was greatly influenced by the Nibiruan Prince Utu, or Sun-God Apollo of the Greeks.]
THE MYTH OF CREATION AS SEEN IN THE TALE OF ADAPA
While no Sumerian myth has been found thus far that parallels the Fall of Man as related in the Old Testament, there is one poem which tells of a story that is probably the source of the Genesis account.
The Tale of Adapa was found in the archives of Egyptian kings at El-Amarna, as well as in the library of the Assyrian King Asshurbanipal. Ostensibly, it was universally known in ancient days. It main theme, like that of the Gilgamesh Epic, is Man’s squandering an opportunity for gaining immortality.
Adapa was a model specimen of the Homo sapiens created by Enki in the Abzu. Like the Adam of Genesis, Adapa had achieved knowledge but not immortality. The tale begins with the statement:
"With wide understanding, to him he (Enki) had given wisdom, but eternal life he had not given him."
Enki had trained Adapa to do specialized chores for his household: he procured food for the table, did the baking, and prepared and tended the dinner table at Enki’s water palace. As the story unfolds, one day Adapa was out in his boat fishing to obtain food for Enki’s table, when the "southwind" came up and swamped the boat. Adapa cursed the wind and, as the story states, "broke the wing of the southwind."
This is a curious phrase indeed, and in view of another Sumerian poem seems to be the wing of an aircraft. In the Myth of Zu one of the weapons unleashed against Zu and the one that finally defeated him was the "southwind." Its context makes it sound like an unmanned winged craft of some sort. In Adapa’s case he seems to have disabled it accidentally.
[Comment: Something just occurred to me as I am typing. Doesn’t this whole book read a little bit like a "brief" that a government official would prepare for a government agency? One wonders if Boulay was ordered to compile this "government report" for the Defense Intelligence Agency, for which he was employed.]
Meanwhile, up in his "heavenly abode," the chief god An is worried that the "southwind has not blown over the land for seven days," and asked his vizier to investigate. When he reported back that a mere mortal had disabled the southwind, An was furious and angrily summoned Adapa to his space ship to give an account of himself. Enki, who was not only Man’s creator but quite often his defender and benefactor, briefed Adapa on how to act in the presence of the great god.
Adapa is told how to reach the heavenly ship of An. In the account, Enki "made him take the road to heaven, and to heaven he went up," obviously taking a shuttle from Sippar, the space city. He is warned that he will be offered the bread of death: "thou shall not eat it." He will then be offered the water of death: "thou shall not drink it," warns Enki.
Adapa was ushered into the presence of the god An who asked him pointedly why he had broken the southwind. Adapa explained that he was catching fish for his master’s table. The sea was like a mirror until the southwind came up and overturned his boat, thus indicating that his boat was swamped by the blast of wind from the apparently low-flying "southwind.
An was impressed by Adapa’s intelligence and moreover by the fact that he had learned "forbidden things," that is, information that was privileged to the gods and their semi-divine children. He further questioned Adapa on why Enki had disclosed the "plan of heaven and earth" to a worthless human like him. Furthermore, An asked why Enki had made a "shumu" for him.
The chief god wondered what to do with Adapa now that he knew the road to the gods, since he had travelled from earth to heaven in a "shumu," a journey only allowed to the gods. In this sense, the Sumerian word "shumu" obviously refers to a rocket ship or shuttle to reach the orbiting ship in the heavens. This term is discussed later. (Chapter 11)
To continue the story of Adapa, it was decided to have him join the ranks of the gods by providing him with the bread and water of life. In this way, Adapa would achieve immortality and become like one of the gods. Actually, it would mean reverting back to his reptilian nature. This may be why he was forewarned by Enki who did not want his creation tampered with.
When Adapa refused the food and water of immortality, An wanted to know why. Adapa told him of the warning of Enki which infuriated An, and he sent down a messenger to chastise Enki. An finally relented, however, but it was too late for Adapa; symbolically, Man had missed the chance of achieving everlasting life.
Adapa returned to Earth, a trip during which he saw the wonders of space,
"as Adapa from the horizon of heaven to the zenith of heaven cast a glance, saw its awesomeness."
Adapa was ordained a high priest at Eridu, and he was promised that henceforth the Goddess of Healing would also tend to the ailments of Mankind. But what is more more important to the story of Adapa as a parallel to that of Adam in Eden is that it was decided by the gods that he, like Adam, would be the ancestor of Mankind. An decreed that as his destiny, Adapa would be "the seed of Mankind."
The food and water of life are often portrayed on Sumerian cylinder seals and murals. The gods are sometimes shown with a pine cone in one hand and a water bucket or "situla" in the other hand, representing the food and water of eternal life or immortality.
The sad story is that Man could not have the best of two possible worlds, mammal form and long life. It explains why man’s lifespan shortened progressively as each generation diluted the saurian gene further. The gods were unhappy with the deterioration of the saurian traits and in the years to come would not let Man forget his choice. It echoes throughout the chapters of the Old Testament as "the weakness of the flesh."
The further Man evolved from his saurian origins, the less he remembered of it. Through a long process of selective amnesia, abetted by a secretive and self-perpetuating priesthood, Mankind has succeeded in denying all knowledge of his saurian ancestry.
[Comment: Is this a sad and pitiful story, or what? Looking back on it from the Twentieth Century, I am almost relieved that it turned out this way - in the long run. These "saurian gods" have, by now, lost complete control over our ultimate evolution as mammalian "men" and "women." Never again would we acknowledge them as "gods" or "goddesses." Now, in a way, they mean nothing to us.]
THE GENEALOGY OF MAN
It is our thesis that our ancestors were reptile forms who came to Earth from another planet long ago to obtain certain metals. Finding the climate benign, they founded a colony in Mesopotamia. As the climate changed, as shown by the demise of the dinosaurs, it became unbearable for the Anunnaki. It was then decided to produce a primitive worker more suitable to the climate. The result was a Homo saurus, half apeman and half reptile. This creature, however, could not reproduce itself.
To solve this labor problem, the Adam or "lulu" was given dominant mammal characteristics, and the result was the first Homo sapiens.
In terms of evolution, modern man appeared on the scene some 40,000 years ago as if by magic. Homo sapiens, or Cro-Magnon Man, was not an apeman, and so different from the form it replaced as to require a quantum jump in the process of evolution.
It is the perplexing problem of the "missing link" that has baffled evolutionists for over a hundred years. Is it possible that the so-called missing link will never be found? And more importantly, if this missing link is ever discovered, it will most likely be in the ruins of the ancient civilization of the valley of Mesopotamia.
Namaste ðŸ™.
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